SCIN138Week 8 Exam Questions And Answers( With Complete Solution)

SCIN 138 Week 8 Final Exam Part 1 of 4 - 42.0/ 52.0 Points Question 1 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points The number one factor causing landslides is (are) . • A. precipitation • B. volcanic eruptions • C. glaciation • D. freeze-thaw cycles • E. earthquakes Answer Key:A Question 2 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Folds like anticlines and synclines are most associated with . • A. Tectonic shear • B. Tectonic compression • C. Erosion • D. Tectonic extension • E. Volcanism Answer Key:B Question 3 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Shield volcanoes consist of . • A. Explosive pyroclastic material and low viscosity lava flows. • B. A combination of granitic lava and pyroclastic material with some rhyolite. • C. Mostly low viscosity basalt flows with a lower silica content. • D. Alternating layers of cinders and ash embedded in silica-rich lava flows. • E. Alternating layers of silica-rich rocks and intrusive igneous rocks such as basalt. Answer Key:C Question 4 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points In terms of groundwater resources, what properties make the best aquifer? • A. High porosity and high permeability • B. Low porosity and low permeability • C. Low porosity and high permeability • D. High porosity and no permeability • E. High porosity and low permeability Answer Key:A Question 5 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points James Hutton’s statement that “the present is the key to the past” (uniformitarianism) is demonstrated by . • A. ancient sedimentary rocks formed by similar processes as are observed today • B. gravity being a recent phenomenon and not changing metamorphic rocks in the past • C. the volcano that erupted last year on August 15 will occur every 10 years on that date • D. the fact that our human ancestors hunted dinosaurs for millennia • E. the Earth’s landscapes are fixed and have not changed Answer Key:A Feedback:01.3 Question 6 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Where do we generally find the most quantity of explosive volcanic eruptions? • A. Subduction zone boundary • B. Ocean island hotspots • C. Transform plate boundary • D. Mid-oceanic ridges • E. Divergent plate boundary Answer Key:A Question 7 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points Where is the top of the asthenosphere closest to the earth’s surface? • A. Underneath a collision zone • B. In the center of continental plates (craton) • C. Underneath a transform fault • D. Next to a subduction zone • E. Underneath a mid-ocean ridge Answer Key:E Question 8 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Applying the principles of relative age-dating to the diagram, which of the following is TRUE. Explanation of the diagram: "A" represents an unconformity (erosional surface), "B" is a basaltic dike, "C" is a shale formation, "D" is a sandstone formation, "E" is a limestone formation, "F" represents a thrust fault. • A. B is OLDER than F • B. A is YOUNGER than C • C. F is YOUNGER than A • D. E is OLDER than B • E. D is YOUNGER than C Answer Key:D Question 9 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points In the rock cycle, what processes directly link igneous rocks to metamorphic rocks? • A. weathering and erosion • B. melting and crystallization • C. compaction and cementation • D. recrystallization by high heat and pressure • E. deposition and lithification Answer Key:D Question 10 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points A coarse-grained (phaneritic texture) igneous rock formed . • A. on the surface of the earth in an explosive eruption • B. due to erosion, frost wedging, and weathering • C. deep under the surface of the earth • D. by immense direct pressure and heat • E. on the surface of the earth in a quiet (effusive) eruption Answer Key:C Question 11 of 50 2.0/ 2.0 Points When going from a magnitude 5 to a magnitude 6 earthquake on the Richter magnitude scale, what is the increase in seismic wave amplitude? • A. 100 • B. 10 • C. 2 • D. 1 • E. 0.5 Answer Key:B Question 12 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points What evidence did Alfred Wegener use for his hypothesis of continental drift? • A. trenches and subduction zones • B. earthquake patterns and GPS measurements • C. paleomagnetic patterns on either side of the mid-oceanic ridge • D. similar rocks and fossils on distant continents • E. mid-oceanic ridges and the age marine rocks Answer Key:D Question 13 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points The primary basis for classifying detrital (clastic) rocks is , whereas the primary basis for classifying chemical rocks is . • A. particle size ; mineral composition • B. particle shape ; trace elements • C. rock type ; rounding • D. sorting ; density • E. crystalline structure ; sorting Answer Key:A Question 14 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points In the scientific method, a hypothesis is , and a theory is . • A. a tentative untested explanation ; a law that has been universally accepted by the scientific community • B. an educated guess ; a law that has been universally accepted by the scientific community • C. an objective observation ; an idea that hasn’t been proven • D. an educated guess ; a tentative untested explanation • E. a tentative untested explanation ; well tested and widely accepted explanation Answer Key:E Feedback:01.1 Question 15 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Which best explains the processes at the mid-oceanic ridge? • A. Plates converge creating new crust • B. Plates converge destroying old crust • C. Plates diverge creating new crust • D. Plates slide past each other destroying old crust • E. Plates diverge destroying old crust Answer Key:C Question 16 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Scientific conclusions are based on . • A. subjective evidence and ancient books • B. public consensus • C. objective evidence and experiments • D. only quantitative data • E. polling of experts Answer Key:C Feedback:01.2 Question 17 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points When the radiometric clock starts ticking in zircon minerals, there is only 100% of the unstable radiometric parent isotope X and 0% of the stable daughter isotope Y. After testing in a lab millions of years later, there is 25% of the parent radiometric isotope and 75% of the daughter isotope. How many half lives have elapsed? • A. 1 • B. 2 • C. 0.5 • D. 0.25 • E. 3 Answer Key:B Question 18 of 50 2.0/ 2.0 Points The Precambrian Era is the time before abundant multicellular life with hard parts evolved. This time interval represents what percentage of earth’s history? • A. 99% • B. 1% • C. 50% • D. 88% • E. 12% Answer Key:D Question 19 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points The map below shows continental land as green and brown, the depth of the ocean floor in blue, and tectonic plate boundaries as colored lines. Evaluate this geologic evidence to determine which location would most likely require adequate tsunami preparedness. • A. A • B. D • C. C • D. B Answer Key:B Question 20 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points What information is needed to determine the distance from the epicenter of an earthquake to a seismic receiving station? • A. The amplitude of the seismic waves on a seismogram • B. The time interval between the P and S waves • C. The difference between the amplitude of the seismic waves • D. The transverse nature of the s-wave • E. The magnitude of the earthquake Answer Key:B Question 21 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points Refer to the image of a meandering stream shown here. At which site along the stream would stream erosion be the most active? • A. D • B. C • C. A • D. E • E. B Answer Key:A Question 22 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points Which type of faulting is most dangerous in Utah? • A. Reverse • B. Transform • C. Normal • D. Thrust • E. Strike-slip Answer Key:C Question 23 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Pyroclastic flows are more associated with . • A. flood basalts • B. cinder cones • C. stratovolcanoes • D. shield volcanoes • E. ocean hot spots Answer Key:C Question 24 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Which of the following is the most significant natural cause of climate change in the last 2 million years? • A. Solar flares • B. Volcanic eruptions • C. Photosynthesis • D. Burning of fossil fuels • E. Milankovitch cycles Answer Key:E Question 25 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points Where would you expect both shallow and deep earthquakes in which the deeper earthquakes are located farther inland? • A. At a transform plate boundary anywhere in the world. • B. At a convergent plate boundary such as along the west coast of South America. • C. At a divergent plate boundary in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. • D. At a divergent plate boundary in the middle of a continental plate such as Africa’s Great Rift Valley. • E. At a transform boundary along the San Andreas fault in California. Answer Key:B Question 26 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Which of the following surficial processes results in the most poorly sorted sediments? • A. wind • B. deep marine • C. rivers • D. glaciers • E. ocean waves Answer Key:D Part 2 of 4 - Final Exam Midterm Questions 20.0/ 28.0 Points Question 27 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points As a subduction zone closes, destroys, and puts an end to an ocean basin, which plate tectonic boundary is likely to develop at the location of a former subduction zone? • A. Continental rift • B. Continental Collision • C. Transform fault • D. Hot spot • E. Mid-ocean ridge Answer Key:B Question 28 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Metamorphic rocks are formed by . • A. compaction and cementation • B. melting and crystallization • C. heat and pressure • D. uplift and burial • E. weathering and erosion Answer Key:C Question 29 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points Which is always the next step in the rock cycle after cooling magma? • A. Heat and pressure • B. Crystallization • C. Weathering • D. Deposition • E. Erosion Answer Key:B Question 30 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points Which combination of factors produces steep-sided, explosive volcanism and the most dangerous volcanic hazards? Volatiles=dissolved gases like water, carbon dioxide • A. Low viscosity and high volatiles • B. Low viscosity and low volatiles • C. High viscosity and low volatiles • D. High viscosity and high volatiles • E. Medium viscosity and medium volatiles Answer Key:D Question 31 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Cleavage, in a mineral, is a result of what? • A. Light dispersion • B. Powdering • C. Weak chemical bonds • D. Chemical impurity • E. Type of atoms used Answer Key:C Question 32 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points What typically and most commonly creates limestone and other related carbonate rocks? • A. Freezing of water • B. Sediment piling up • C. Sediment weathering • D. Deep ocean currents • E. Plankton and other ocean organisms Answer Key:E Question 33 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points If you plot global earthquake and volcano locations on a map, what would be the most obvious thing you would notice? • A. They would be concentrated in the summer time • B. They would outline plate tectonic boundaries • C. They would be concentrated around the equator • D. They would be concentrated around the poles • E. They would be randomly distributed Answer Key:B Question 34 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points What do all minerals have in common? • A. Organic • B. Formed from magma • C. Crystal structure • D. Cleavage • E. Harder than fingernail Answer Key:C Question 35 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Which mineral property is essentially a measure of how tight the atoms are packed together? • A. Hardness • B. Streak • C. Color • D. Luster • E. Magnetism Answer Key:A Question 36 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points Which is the process that CREATES sediments from previously formed rocks? • A. Erosion • B. Deposition • C. Weathering • D. Cementation • E. Compaction Answer Key:C Question 37 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points What element is the building block of the majority of minerals, especially the common rock-forming minerals? • A. Silicon • B. Hydrogen • C. Sulfer • D. Carbon • E. Calcium Answer Key:A Question 38 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Which environment would typically have the highest rate of weathering (both chemical and mechanical) and erosion? • A. Plains • B. Tropical • C. Artic • D. Temperate • E. Desert Answer Key:B Question 39 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Lahars are formed when which two factors are combined? • A. Ash, magma • B. Magma, rainfall • C. Ash, rainfall • D. Steam, rainfall • E. Steam, magma Answer Key:C Question 40 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points What two things are you usually trying to figure out when looking at metamorphic facies and a series of index minerals in a metamorphic rock? • A. Fluid composition and protolith • B. Speed of heating and protolith • C. Protolith and temperature • D. Pressure and cooling history • E. Temperature and pressure of formation Answer Key:E Part 3 of 4 - Final Exam Geological Resources 8.0/ 10.0 Points Question 41 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Magnetite, native gold and platinum, diamonds, and other high-density minerals can sometimes be found in deposits. • A. skarn • B. kimberlite • C. evaporite • D. placer Answer Key:D Question 42 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points Acid mine drainage contains high amounts of . • A. carbon. • B. nitrogen. • C. sulfur. • D. silica Rationale: CO2 forms cabonic acid and depresses the PH Answer Key:C Question 43 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Under the correct circumstances, ancient life forms like plants or microscopic organisms can . • A. become part of current fossil fuels. • B. become a renewable energy source • C. become an alternative form of energy. • D. become a reef today. Answer Key:A Question 44 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Buried and decomposed terrestrial plant life are more likely to become . • A. future coal reserves. • B. future oil reserves. • C. future uranium reserves • D. future natural gas reserves. Answer Key:A Question 45 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Metallic minerals are resources. • A. renewable • B. both renewable and nonrenewable • C. nonrenewable • D. limitless Answer Key:C Part 4 of 4 - Earth History 6.0/ 10.0 Points Question 46 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points What is the leading hypothesis for the formation of life on Earth? • A. Chemical processes around hydrothermal vents • B. Atmospheric processes around lightning • C. Evaporation around seawater • D. Brought to Earth from comets • E. Mineral processes around magma cooling Rationale: life began approximately 3.5 billion years ago as the result of a complex sequence of chemical reactions that took place spontaneously in Earth's atmosphere Answer Key:B Question 47 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Which of the following is NOT a possible source of Earth’s water? • A. Meteorites • B. Moon • C. Comets • D. Volcanism Answer Key:B Question 48 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points What age are most of the Earth’s cratons? • A. Archean • B. Mesozoic • C. Proterozoic • D. Paleozoic Answer Key:A Question 49 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points What marks the beginning of the Proterozoic? • A. Evolution of fish • B. Oxygen in the air • C. A mass extinction • D. The formation of Rodinia Answer Key:B Question 50 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points Where do carbon and iron come from? • A. Star fusion • B. Black holes • C. The big bang • D. Supernova Answer Key:A