Renal
1. Azotemia is a biochemical abnormality that refers to an elevation of blood urea nitrogen
(BUN) and creatinine levels, and is related largely to a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
2. When a person experiences hypotension, which enzyme is primarily released?
Renin
3. The movement of fluids and solute from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma
is called:
Tubular Reabsorption
4. Which diagnostic finding would be found in a normal urinalysis?
Specific gravity 1.016-1.022
5. What type of urinary calculus is made up of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate?
Struvite
6. What condition is a cause of an upper urinary tract obstruction?
Kidney stones
7. A person reporting abdominal and back pain has been found to have TNTC (too numerous to
count) white blood cells in the urine. What term is used to identify this type of upper urinary
tract involvement?
Pyelonephritis
8. Which bacteria is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
Escherichia coli
9. Which term correctly identifies a urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the
penis?
Epispadias
10. Which disease does an individual with hematuria, mild proteinuria, abdominal pain, and skin
lesions represent?
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
11. Which kidney disorder is characterized by hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia and
lipiduria?
Nephrotic syndrome
12. Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and
collecting ducts?
Antidiuretic hormone
, 13. What stimulates the renal hydroxylation step to produce Vitamin D?
Parathyroid hormone
14. What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerulofiltration, and renin secretion?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
15. What is the most common type of renal stone?
Calcium oxalate
16. What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Periorbital edema
17. What is the action of renin, an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Activation of angiotensin I
18. What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Immune complexes
19. What effect do natriuretic peptides have when right atrial pressure rises?
Inhibits renin and aldosterone and relaxes vascular smooth muscle
20. The best estimate of functioning renal tissue is:
Glomuler filtration rate
21. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
22. How does proteinuria cause edema?
Loss of plasma albumin decreases the plasma oncotic pressure, which normally holds
water in the capillaries.
23. How does acute unilateral renal obstruction predispose to hypertension?
The reduced perfusion of the affected kidney activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system, which causes constriction of the peripheral arterioles.
24. As systemic blood pressure falls, the afferent arterioles of the kidneys dilate,
preventing a reduction in blood flow to the glomerulus.
25. Anemia of renal failure can be successfully treated with:
Erythropoietin
1. Azotemia is a biochemical abnormality that refers to an elevation of blood urea nitrogen
(BUN) and creatinine levels, and is related largely to a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
2. When a person experiences hypotension, which enzyme is primarily released?
Renin
3. The movement of fluids and solute from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma
is called:
Tubular Reabsorption
4. Which diagnostic finding would be found in a normal urinalysis?
Specific gravity 1.016-1.022
5. What type of urinary calculus is made up of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate?
Struvite
6. What condition is a cause of an upper urinary tract obstruction?
Kidney stones
7. A person reporting abdominal and back pain has been found to have TNTC (too numerous to
count) white blood cells in the urine. What term is used to identify this type of upper urinary
tract involvement?
Pyelonephritis
8. Which bacteria is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
Escherichia coli
9. Which term correctly identifies a urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the
penis?
Epispadias
10. Which disease does an individual with hematuria, mild proteinuria, abdominal pain, and skin
lesions represent?
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
11. Which kidney disorder is characterized by hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia and
lipiduria?
Nephrotic syndrome
12. Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and
collecting ducts?
Antidiuretic hormone
, 13. What stimulates the renal hydroxylation step to produce Vitamin D?
Parathyroid hormone
14. What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerulofiltration, and renin secretion?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
15. What is the most common type of renal stone?
Calcium oxalate
16. What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Periorbital edema
17. What is the action of renin, an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Activation of angiotensin I
18. What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Immune complexes
19. What effect do natriuretic peptides have when right atrial pressure rises?
Inhibits renin and aldosterone and relaxes vascular smooth muscle
20. The best estimate of functioning renal tissue is:
Glomuler filtration rate
21. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
22. How does proteinuria cause edema?
Loss of plasma albumin decreases the plasma oncotic pressure, which normally holds
water in the capillaries.
23. How does acute unilateral renal obstruction predispose to hypertension?
The reduced perfusion of the affected kidney activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system, which causes constriction of the peripheral arterioles.
24. As systemic blood pressure falls, the afferent arterioles of the kidneys dilate,
preventing a reduction in blood flow to the glomerulus.
25. Anemia of renal failure can be successfully treated with:
Erythropoietin
