NR 442 - Test 1 Notes
Chapter 1
Community/Public Health Nursing -
* The synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice.
* Has the major goal to preserve the health of the community and surrounding
populations.
* Focuses on health promotion and health maintenance
* Is associated with health and identification of populations at risk rather than an episodic
response to patient demand.
The Mission of public health is social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities such
as adequate income and health protection and accepts collective burdens to make this
possible.
Health - a state of complete well-being, physical, social, and mental, and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. (WHO, 1958)
Health is a resource for everyday life - the extent to which an individual or group is able, on the
one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope
with the environment.
Community - a group of collection of locality-based individuals, interacting in social units and
sharing common interests, characteristics, values, and/or goals.
Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators
* Access to Health Services
* Clinical Preventive Services
* Environmental Quality
* Injury and Violence
* Maternal, infant, and Child Health
* Mental Health
* Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
* Oral Health
* Reproductive and Sexual Health
* Social Determinants
* Substance Abuse
* Tobacco Use
,Public Health is the Science and Art of
* Preventing disease,
* Porlonging life, and
* Promoting health and effciency through organized community effort (C.E. Winslow)
Community health extends the realm of public health to include organized health efforts at the
community level through both government and private efforts.
Core Public Health Functions:
* Assessment: Regular collection analysis, and information sharing about health
conditions, risks, and resources in a community.
* Policy development: Use of information gathered during assessment to develop local
and state health policies and to direct resources toward those policies.
* Assurance: Focuses on the availability of necessary health services throughout the
community. It includes maintaining the ability of both public health agencies and private
providers to manage day-to-day operations and the capacity to respond to critical situations and
emergencies.
10 Essential Services
* Assessment
- Monitor health status to identify community health problems.
- Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.
- Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.
* Policy Development
- Inform, educate and empower people about health issues.
- Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
- Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
- Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.
* Assurance
- Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
- Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of
health care when otherwise unavailable.
- Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce.
- Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-
based health services.
- Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.
The Three Levels of Prevention
* Primary prevention
, - Prevention of problems before they occur
- Health promotion and health protection
Examples: Immunization
* Secondary prevention
- Early detection and intervention
- Early diagnosis and treatment
Example: Screening for sexually transmitted disease
* Tertiary prevention
- Correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state
- Limitation of disability and rehabilitation
Example: Teaching insulin administration in the home
Client Served Primary Secondary Tertiary
Individual Dietary teaching HIV Testing Teaching new clients
during pregnancy with diabetes how to
administer insulin
Immunizations Screening for cervical Exercise therapy after
cancer stroke
Skin care for
incontinent patient
Family Education regarding Dental examinations Mental health
smoking, dental care, counseling or referral
or nutritional Tuberculin testing for for family in crisis
counseling family at risk (e.g., grieving or
experiencing a
Adequate housing divorce)
Dietary instructions
and monitoring for
family with
overweight members
Group or aggregate Birthing classes for Vision screening of Group counseling for
(interacting people pregnant teenage first grade class grade school children
with a common mothers with asthma
purpose or purposes) Mammography van
AIDS and other STD for screening of Swim therapy for
education for high women in a low- physically disabled
school students income neighborhood elders at a senior
center
Hearing tests at a
, senior center Alcoholics
Anonymous and
other self-help groups
Mental health
services for military
veterans.
Community and Fluoride water Organized screening Shelter and
populations supplementation programs for relocation centers for
(aggregate of people communities such as fire or earthquake
sharing space over Environmental health fairs victims
time within a social sanitation
system; population VDRL screening for Emergency medical
groups or aggregates Removal of marriage license services
with power relations environmental applicants in a city
and common needs hazards Community mental
or purposes) Lead screening for health services for
children by school chronically mentally ill
district
Home care servcies
for chronically ill
Health People 2020
* Vision - a society in which all people live long, healthy lives.
* Overarching Goals -
- Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury and
premature death.
- Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
- Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
- Promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across all life
stages.
* HP2020 has 42 focus areas
- The objectives and related information and materials can help guide health
promotion activities and can be used to aid in community-wide initiatives.
- All health care practitioners…
* should focus on the relevant areas in their practice
* incorporate objectives into programs, events, and publications whenever
possible.
* Use them as a framework to promote healthy cities and communities.
Healthy People 2020 Topic Areas
1. Access to Quality Health Services
2. Adolescent Health (NEW)
3. Arthritis, Osteoporosis and Chronic Back Conditions
Chapter 1
Community/Public Health Nursing -
* The synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice.
* Has the major goal to preserve the health of the community and surrounding
populations.
* Focuses on health promotion and health maintenance
* Is associated with health and identification of populations at risk rather than an episodic
response to patient demand.
The Mission of public health is social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities such
as adequate income and health protection and accepts collective burdens to make this
possible.
Health - a state of complete well-being, physical, social, and mental, and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. (WHO, 1958)
Health is a resource for everyday life - the extent to which an individual or group is able, on the
one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope
with the environment.
Community - a group of collection of locality-based individuals, interacting in social units and
sharing common interests, characteristics, values, and/or goals.
Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators
* Access to Health Services
* Clinical Preventive Services
* Environmental Quality
* Injury and Violence
* Maternal, infant, and Child Health
* Mental Health
* Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
* Oral Health
* Reproductive and Sexual Health
* Social Determinants
* Substance Abuse
* Tobacco Use
,Public Health is the Science and Art of
* Preventing disease,
* Porlonging life, and
* Promoting health and effciency through organized community effort (C.E. Winslow)
Community health extends the realm of public health to include organized health efforts at the
community level through both government and private efforts.
Core Public Health Functions:
* Assessment: Regular collection analysis, and information sharing about health
conditions, risks, and resources in a community.
* Policy development: Use of information gathered during assessment to develop local
and state health policies and to direct resources toward those policies.
* Assurance: Focuses on the availability of necessary health services throughout the
community. It includes maintaining the ability of both public health agencies and private
providers to manage day-to-day operations and the capacity to respond to critical situations and
emergencies.
10 Essential Services
* Assessment
- Monitor health status to identify community health problems.
- Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.
- Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.
* Policy Development
- Inform, educate and empower people about health issues.
- Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
- Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
- Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.
* Assurance
- Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
- Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of
health care when otherwise unavailable.
- Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce.
- Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-
based health services.
- Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.
The Three Levels of Prevention
* Primary prevention
, - Prevention of problems before they occur
- Health promotion and health protection
Examples: Immunization
* Secondary prevention
- Early detection and intervention
- Early diagnosis and treatment
Example: Screening for sexually transmitted disease
* Tertiary prevention
- Correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state
- Limitation of disability and rehabilitation
Example: Teaching insulin administration in the home
Client Served Primary Secondary Tertiary
Individual Dietary teaching HIV Testing Teaching new clients
during pregnancy with diabetes how to
administer insulin
Immunizations Screening for cervical Exercise therapy after
cancer stroke
Skin care for
incontinent patient
Family Education regarding Dental examinations Mental health
smoking, dental care, counseling or referral
or nutritional Tuberculin testing for for family in crisis
counseling family at risk (e.g., grieving or
experiencing a
Adequate housing divorce)
Dietary instructions
and monitoring for
family with
overweight members
Group or aggregate Birthing classes for Vision screening of Group counseling for
(interacting people pregnant teenage first grade class grade school children
with a common mothers with asthma
purpose or purposes) Mammography van
AIDS and other STD for screening of Swim therapy for
education for high women in a low- physically disabled
school students income neighborhood elders at a senior
center
Hearing tests at a
, senior center Alcoholics
Anonymous and
other self-help groups
Mental health
services for military
veterans.
Community and Fluoride water Organized screening Shelter and
populations supplementation programs for relocation centers for
(aggregate of people communities such as fire or earthquake
sharing space over Environmental health fairs victims
time within a social sanitation
system; population VDRL screening for Emergency medical
groups or aggregates Removal of marriage license services
with power relations environmental applicants in a city
and common needs hazards Community mental
or purposes) Lead screening for health services for
children by school chronically mentally ill
district
Home care servcies
for chronically ill
Health People 2020
* Vision - a society in which all people live long, healthy lives.
* Overarching Goals -
- Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury and
premature death.
- Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
- Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
- Promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across all life
stages.
* HP2020 has 42 focus areas
- The objectives and related information and materials can help guide health
promotion activities and can be used to aid in community-wide initiatives.
- All health care practitioners…
* should focus on the relevant areas in their practice
* incorporate objectives into programs, events, and publications whenever
possible.
* Use them as a framework to promote healthy cities and communities.
Healthy People 2020 Topic Areas
1. Access to Quality Health Services
2. Adolescent Health (NEW)
3. Arthritis, Osteoporosis and Chronic Back Conditions
