FAKULTI PENGAJIAN PENDIDIKAN
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR SEMESTER PERTAMA 2021/2022
FINAL EXAMINATION FIRST SEMESTER 2021/2022
SISWAZAH (POSTGRADUATE)
KURSUS/COURSE : DCE5110
THEORIES AND PRACTICES OF HUMAN
TARIKH/DATE : 11-13 FEB 2022
MASA/TIME : 9.00 malam (Jumaat) hingga 9.00 malam (Ahad)
KAEDAH PENILAIAN/TYPE OF ASSESSMENT : TAKE HOME TEST
ARAHAN KEPADA SEMUA CALON
(INSTRUCTION FOR STUDENTS)
1. Kertas ini mengandungi DUA (2) soalan. Semua soalan mesti dijawab
dengan jelas dan tepat.
(This paper consists of TWO (2) question. Each item must be answered
clearly and precisely.
2. Sila taip jawapan anda dan kirim melalui PUTRABLAST TOPIK 14
(Type your answer and send in to PUTRABLAST (TOPIC 14)
Kertas ini mengandungi 1 halaman tidak termasuk muka hadapan.
(This paper consists of 1 page excluding the cover page)
Nama/Name : NISHALINI A/P SHANMUGAM
No. Matrik /Matric No. : JM41611
Program/Programme : MHRD
Tandatangan/Signature : Snishaa
, Jawab SEMUA soalan
Soalan 1 (Question 1)
Teori yang berkaitan dengan tingkah laku pekerja dan pembangunan organisasi
telah berkembang secara dramatik selama bertahun-tahun. Dengan
mempertimbangkan keadaan semasa pandemik Covid-19 mengenai kekurangan
beberapa faktor seperti pengetahuan, kemahiran dan sikap pekerja, KENAL
PASTI SATU TEORI UTAMA YANG TERKINI YANG MUNGKIN BOLEH
DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MEMBANGUNKAN PEKERJA. BINCANGKAN.
The theories related to employee behavior and organizational development has
evolved dramatically within the years. Taking into consideration within pandemic
Covid-19, our employees of today has knowledge, skill and attitude deficiencies
in them, IDENTIFY ONE MAJOR RECENT THEORY THAT MAY BE
EMPLOYED TO DEVELOP THE EMPLOYEES. DISCUSS.
(40 markah/40 marks)
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
In modern organizations, humans are active labour force which can be affected by many
factors, sensitive to all kinds of attitudes and behaviours, develops attitude according to an
organization, performs individual performance on demand and always follows alternative
organizations. Therefore, if performance and productivity are required within an organization, it
is absolutely necessary for the labour force to be externally motivated.
Historically, Abraham Maslow was a famous psychologist who contributed significantly to the
growth and development of human psychology as evidently shown in the study of human needs
and motivation in the human environment in contemporary society. Abraham Maslow was,
indeed, regarded to be among the founding fathers of human psychology and motivation in the
human environment (Aruma & Hanachor, 2017). Maslow (1943) argues that human needs are
unlimited, after a need is satisfied, another need will arise, needs have a certain hierarchical
order, no need or drive can be considered independently, every need is related to satisfaction or
dissatisfaction of other needs, and unsatisfied needs are a great source of motivation for
humans (Maslow, 1943, 1948). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, which is at the forefront of
the most important studies about motivation, has also created the “Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid”
by putting the needs in a certain order.
The insatiable desire of people to achieve improved living conditions in various communities
according to Maslow’s Theory as a guide in human resource development. Human resource
, practice plays a great role to lead the organizations to achieve competitive advantage and
compete in a global dynamic market. The needs of employees have to be fulfilled in order to be
satisfied and as well to perform.
Maslow‘s theory of human needs can be used to understand why human beings are motivated,
how they thrive and moving with COVID19 effect on their life, workplace, and their social life.
Maslow’s theory offers valuable insights to help keep employees on-point, engaged and
satisfied.
1. Physiological Needs: The Physiological needs are the basic needs for sustaining
human life. These needs include food, clothing, shelter, rest, water, air, sleep and sexual
satisfaction. These basic human needs (also called as biological needs) lie at the lowest
level in the hierarchy of needs as they have priority over all other needs. These needs
cannot be postponed for a long time. Unless and until these basic physiological needs
are satisfied to the required extent, other needs do not motivate a person/employee.
According to Daily Express(2021), over 37,000 businesses in Malaysia shut down due
the pandemic. We noticed that many business operations were stopped during
Movement Control Order (MCO) as only the essentials workers were allowed to work.
Employers, whether large, midsize or small, are cutting salary and hourly wages, at least
temporarily, in response to their revenue losses during the coronavirus pandemic
(Miller,2020). With major salary cuts and salary delays, these first level of needs stand in
deep danger. While organizations may not find themselves in a position to completely
meet these needs to facilitate employee engagement, there are a few steps that can
come into play. Organizations should make an extra effort to focus on employee
wellbeing and ensure that the basic necessities, like food, rent, etc. are taken care of,
even in the face of salary cuts. Governments also had announced subsidies for
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR SEMESTER PERTAMA 2021/2022
FINAL EXAMINATION FIRST SEMESTER 2021/2022
SISWAZAH (POSTGRADUATE)
KURSUS/COURSE : DCE5110
THEORIES AND PRACTICES OF HUMAN
TARIKH/DATE : 11-13 FEB 2022
MASA/TIME : 9.00 malam (Jumaat) hingga 9.00 malam (Ahad)
KAEDAH PENILAIAN/TYPE OF ASSESSMENT : TAKE HOME TEST
ARAHAN KEPADA SEMUA CALON
(INSTRUCTION FOR STUDENTS)
1. Kertas ini mengandungi DUA (2) soalan. Semua soalan mesti dijawab
dengan jelas dan tepat.
(This paper consists of TWO (2) question. Each item must be answered
clearly and precisely.
2. Sila taip jawapan anda dan kirim melalui PUTRABLAST TOPIK 14
(Type your answer and send in to PUTRABLAST (TOPIC 14)
Kertas ini mengandungi 1 halaman tidak termasuk muka hadapan.
(This paper consists of 1 page excluding the cover page)
Nama/Name : NISHALINI A/P SHANMUGAM
No. Matrik /Matric No. : JM41611
Program/Programme : MHRD
Tandatangan/Signature : Snishaa
, Jawab SEMUA soalan
Soalan 1 (Question 1)
Teori yang berkaitan dengan tingkah laku pekerja dan pembangunan organisasi
telah berkembang secara dramatik selama bertahun-tahun. Dengan
mempertimbangkan keadaan semasa pandemik Covid-19 mengenai kekurangan
beberapa faktor seperti pengetahuan, kemahiran dan sikap pekerja, KENAL
PASTI SATU TEORI UTAMA YANG TERKINI YANG MUNGKIN BOLEH
DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MEMBANGUNKAN PEKERJA. BINCANGKAN.
The theories related to employee behavior and organizational development has
evolved dramatically within the years. Taking into consideration within pandemic
Covid-19, our employees of today has knowledge, skill and attitude deficiencies
in them, IDENTIFY ONE MAJOR RECENT THEORY THAT MAY BE
EMPLOYED TO DEVELOP THE EMPLOYEES. DISCUSS.
(40 markah/40 marks)
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
In modern organizations, humans are active labour force which can be affected by many
factors, sensitive to all kinds of attitudes and behaviours, develops attitude according to an
organization, performs individual performance on demand and always follows alternative
organizations. Therefore, if performance and productivity are required within an organization, it
is absolutely necessary for the labour force to be externally motivated.
Historically, Abraham Maslow was a famous psychologist who contributed significantly to the
growth and development of human psychology as evidently shown in the study of human needs
and motivation in the human environment in contemporary society. Abraham Maslow was,
indeed, regarded to be among the founding fathers of human psychology and motivation in the
human environment (Aruma & Hanachor, 2017). Maslow (1943) argues that human needs are
unlimited, after a need is satisfied, another need will arise, needs have a certain hierarchical
order, no need or drive can be considered independently, every need is related to satisfaction or
dissatisfaction of other needs, and unsatisfied needs are a great source of motivation for
humans (Maslow, 1943, 1948). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, which is at the forefront of
the most important studies about motivation, has also created the “Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid”
by putting the needs in a certain order.
The insatiable desire of people to achieve improved living conditions in various communities
according to Maslow’s Theory as a guide in human resource development. Human resource
, practice plays a great role to lead the organizations to achieve competitive advantage and
compete in a global dynamic market. The needs of employees have to be fulfilled in order to be
satisfied and as well to perform.
Maslow‘s theory of human needs can be used to understand why human beings are motivated,
how they thrive and moving with COVID19 effect on their life, workplace, and their social life.
Maslow’s theory offers valuable insights to help keep employees on-point, engaged and
satisfied.
1. Physiological Needs: The Physiological needs are the basic needs for sustaining
human life. These needs include food, clothing, shelter, rest, water, air, sleep and sexual
satisfaction. These basic human needs (also called as biological needs) lie at the lowest
level in the hierarchy of needs as they have priority over all other needs. These needs
cannot be postponed for a long time. Unless and until these basic physiological needs
are satisfied to the required extent, other needs do not motivate a person/employee.
According to Daily Express(2021), over 37,000 businesses in Malaysia shut down due
the pandemic. We noticed that many business operations were stopped during
Movement Control Order (MCO) as only the essentials workers were allowed to work.
Employers, whether large, midsize or small, are cutting salary and hourly wages, at least
temporarily, in response to their revenue losses during the coronavirus pandemic
(Miller,2020). With major salary cuts and salary delays, these first level of needs stand in
deep danger. While organizations may not find themselves in a position to completely
meet these needs to facilitate employee engagement, there are a few steps that can
come into play. Organizations should make an extra effort to focus on employee
wellbeing and ensure that the basic necessities, like food, rent, etc. are taken care of,
even in the face of salary cuts. Governments also had announced subsidies for
