Information Technology IG, A Level(9626)
Chapter 1 Data, Information, Knowledge and processing
Define Data. Give an example?
Raw numbers, letters, and meaningless characters. As 70 could be a weight or score or a length.
Define information. Give an example?
It is the data through a context getting a meaning, so information is useful because it means
something. As 70 is the price of a phone cover in QR.
Define knowledge. Give an example
It is interpreted data to which human experience has been applied. As 70 QR for a phone cover is
more expensive than a cup of coffee.
What is the difference between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge, give examples
Explicit Knowledge: Knowledge that is easy to articulate, write down, and share. When data is
processed, organized, structured, and interpreted, the result is explicit knowledge. Examples are
data sheets and research reports.
Tacit Knowledge: Knowledge gained from personal experience that is more difficult to express.
Also, it is the application of implicit knowledge that’s specific to your company. Examples are the
sales representative, who can not only give a great demo but has also learned specific buying signs
while talking to prospects.
What is the difference between static and dynamic data?
Static data: data that does not change regularly, can go out of date quickly, can be viewed offline,
and is more likely to be accurate for example magazines and CD ROMs.
Dynamic data: information is updated automatically, it is up to date, it needs an internet connection
to be updated and it may contain errors, for example, availability of tickets and exchange rates.
In a news and sports website, give examples of static and dynamic data?
Dynamic: the scores of the matches
Static: player numbers, website name
Define direct data source (primary source)
Direct data source: data that is collected automatically without user intervention, it must be used
for the same purpose for which it was collected.
Define indirect data source (secondary source)
Indirect data source: data that was collected for a different purpose. It is often collected by a
different person who intends to use it.
, Identify which of the following are direct data sources and which are indirect data sources.
A sports shop wants to find out what other shops are charging for trainers
Visiting the other shops and noting down the price: direct
Looking at the results of a customer survey purchasing trainers in 2010: indirect
What are the advantages of direct data source?
Data is
1 accurate and relevant, because what is needed has been collected
2 trusted because the source is known
3 up to date, because it has been recently collected
4 not biased, because specific questions can be asked
5 in the required format
What are the disadvantages of direct data source?
1 It can take a long time to be gathered
2 A large sample of statistical data can be hard to collect for a single purpose.
What are the advantages of indirect data source?
1 Data is immediately available
2 Large samples are available for statistical analysis
What are the disadvantages of indirect data source?
1 Additional not required data may take time to be sorted
2 May be not reliable if the source is not known
3 May be out of date because it is collected at a different time
4 May be biased due to its source
5 Unlikely to be in the required format.
Describe the 5 factors that affect the quality of information on the website
1 Accuracy: information must be accurate, otherwise it may lead to different meanings and great
problems.
2 Relevance: information must be relevant to its purpose. Having too much info may waste the
time to search through them to get what is required.
3 Age: info must be up to date, otherwise the out-of-date information may be no longer useful.
4 Level of detail: we must have the right amount of info. If there is too much info, then it can be
difficult to find the exact information required. If there is not enough information, then it is not
possible to use it correctly.
5 Completeness: not having all the information required, means it cannot be used properly.
Chapter 1 Data, Information, Knowledge and processing
Define Data. Give an example?
Raw numbers, letters, and meaningless characters. As 70 could be a weight or score or a length.
Define information. Give an example?
It is the data through a context getting a meaning, so information is useful because it means
something. As 70 is the price of a phone cover in QR.
Define knowledge. Give an example
It is interpreted data to which human experience has been applied. As 70 QR for a phone cover is
more expensive than a cup of coffee.
What is the difference between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge, give examples
Explicit Knowledge: Knowledge that is easy to articulate, write down, and share. When data is
processed, organized, structured, and interpreted, the result is explicit knowledge. Examples are
data sheets and research reports.
Tacit Knowledge: Knowledge gained from personal experience that is more difficult to express.
Also, it is the application of implicit knowledge that’s specific to your company. Examples are the
sales representative, who can not only give a great demo but has also learned specific buying signs
while talking to prospects.
What is the difference between static and dynamic data?
Static data: data that does not change regularly, can go out of date quickly, can be viewed offline,
and is more likely to be accurate for example magazines and CD ROMs.
Dynamic data: information is updated automatically, it is up to date, it needs an internet connection
to be updated and it may contain errors, for example, availability of tickets and exchange rates.
In a news and sports website, give examples of static and dynamic data?
Dynamic: the scores of the matches
Static: player numbers, website name
Define direct data source (primary source)
Direct data source: data that is collected automatically without user intervention, it must be used
for the same purpose for which it was collected.
Define indirect data source (secondary source)
Indirect data source: data that was collected for a different purpose. It is often collected by a
different person who intends to use it.
, Identify which of the following are direct data sources and which are indirect data sources.
A sports shop wants to find out what other shops are charging for trainers
Visiting the other shops and noting down the price: direct
Looking at the results of a customer survey purchasing trainers in 2010: indirect
What are the advantages of direct data source?
Data is
1 accurate and relevant, because what is needed has been collected
2 trusted because the source is known
3 up to date, because it has been recently collected
4 not biased, because specific questions can be asked
5 in the required format
What are the disadvantages of direct data source?
1 It can take a long time to be gathered
2 A large sample of statistical data can be hard to collect for a single purpose.
What are the advantages of indirect data source?
1 Data is immediately available
2 Large samples are available for statistical analysis
What are the disadvantages of indirect data source?
1 Additional not required data may take time to be sorted
2 May be not reliable if the source is not known
3 May be out of date because it is collected at a different time
4 May be biased due to its source
5 Unlikely to be in the required format.
Describe the 5 factors that affect the quality of information on the website
1 Accuracy: information must be accurate, otherwise it may lead to different meanings and great
problems.
2 Relevance: information must be relevant to its purpose. Having too much info may waste the
time to search through them to get what is required.
3 Age: info must be up to date, otherwise the out-of-date information may be no longer useful.
4 Level of detail: we must have the right amount of info. If there is too much info, then it can be
difficult to find the exact information required. If there is not enough information, then it is not
possible to use it correctly.
5 Completeness: not having all the information required, means it cannot be used properly.
