Topographical regions of the thorax
-
Thoracic cage
-
Thoracic cavity : a
mediastinum
•
lungs
•
Pleura ( visceral , pleural cavity parietal
, p .
)
tr tr
covers lungs covers wall
of thorax
↳ pace between visceral +
parietal is filled w . serous fluid ( reducing friction)
Mediastinum : ( extends from anterior to post till vertebrae) .
superior boarder :
sup . thoracic aperture
inferior boarder :
diaphragm
Thoracic wall
-
intercostal spaces : •
extern .
interc . muscles
-
extern . interc . membrane
.
intern . interc . muscles
.
intern .
inter . membrane
.
innermost intercostal muscles
•
endthoracic fascia
-
Parietal pleura
-
suprapleular member .
-
endothoracic fascia
left dome)
-
diaphragm ( sternal , costal , vertebral parts , right
Intercostal veins
interc veins end in
-
posterior .
azygos V.
•
-
hemiazygosv .
-
anterior interc . veins end in
•
internal th . vein
Intercostal arteries :
-
posterior intercostal arteries are branches of
costacervical trunk subclavian artery
•
-
.
thoracic aorta
-
anterior intercostal arteries are branches of
•
internal thoracic artery
Intercostal nerves
-
anterior rami
-
11 thoracic spinal nerves
-
12th thoracic nerve = subcostal nerve
-
1st -
6th in the intercostal space
-
7th -
9th intercostal spaces then anterior abdominal wall
-
10th -
11th directly to the abdominal wall
, Thorax -
surface anatomy
Orientation lines
-
anterior median line
-
sternal line
parasternal line
-
-
middavicular line
-
mamillary line ( nipple line)
-
anterior axillary line
-
mid axillary line
-
posterior axillary line
-
scapular line
line
paravertebral
-
median line
-
posterior
orientation points
Anterior chest wall :
Til
jugular notch
-
-
sternal
angle
TN
/ TV 2nd rib
-
-
,
-
✗ iphi sternal joint - TIX
subcostal 7th
-
angle
-
costal cartilage
-
costal arch
-
clavi eula
-
12th rib
4th interest
→ nipple -
.
space
→ mammary gland -
2- 6 .
rib , lat .
margin of sternum to midaxillary line
→
axillary folds : •
anterior -
peat major
( here lymphnodes)
.
-
posterior -
Iat . dorsi
Posterior chest wall :
-
spinous processes
-
thoracic vertebr .
-
vertebra prominans ( 1- V11 )
scapula
-
-
Thoracic cage
-
Thoracic cavity : a
mediastinum
•
lungs
•
Pleura ( visceral , pleural cavity parietal
, p .
)
tr tr
covers lungs covers wall
of thorax
↳ pace between visceral +
parietal is filled w . serous fluid ( reducing friction)
Mediastinum : ( extends from anterior to post till vertebrae) .
superior boarder :
sup . thoracic aperture
inferior boarder :
diaphragm
Thoracic wall
-
intercostal spaces : •
extern .
interc . muscles
-
extern . interc . membrane
.
intern . interc . muscles
.
intern .
inter . membrane
.
innermost intercostal muscles
•
endthoracic fascia
-
Parietal pleura
-
suprapleular member .
-
endothoracic fascia
left dome)
-
diaphragm ( sternal , costal , vertebral parts , right
Intercostal veins
interc veins end in
-
posterior .
azygos V.
•
-
hemiazygosv .
-
anterior interc . veins end in
•
internal th . vein
Intercostal arteries :
-
posterior intercostal arteries are branches of
costacervical trunk subclavian artery
•
-
.
thoracic aorta
-
anterior intercostal arteries are branches of
•
internal thoracic artery
Intercostal nerves
-
anterior rami
-
11 thoracic spinal nerves
-
12th thoracic nerve = subcostal nerve
-
1st -
6th in the intercostal space
-
7th -
9th intercostal spaces then anterior abdominal wall
-
10th -
11th directly to the abdominal wall
, Thorax -
surface anatomy
Orientation lines
-
anterior median line
-
sternal line
parasternal line
-
-
middavicular line
-
mamillary line ( nipple line)
-
anterior axillary line
-
mid axillary line
-
posterior axillary line
-
scapular line
line
paravertebral
-
median line
-
posterior
orientation points
Anterior chest wall :
Til
jugular notch
-
-
sternal
angle
TN
/ TV 2nd rib
-
-
,
-
✗ iphi sternal joint - TIX
subcostal 7th
-
angle
-
costal cartilage
-
costal arch
-
clavi eula
-
12th rib
4th interest
→ nipple -
.
space
→ mammary gland -
2- 6 .
rib , lat .
margin of sternum to midaxillary line
→
axillary folds : •
anterior -
peat major
( here lymphnodes)
.
-
posterior -
Iat . dorsi
Posterior chest wall :
-
spinous processes
-
thoracic vertebr .
-
vertebra prominans ( 1- V11 )
scapula
-
