Chapter 28: Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

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Test Bank
by Joseph Esdin
to accompany
Animal Physiology, Third Edition
Hill • Wyse • Anderson

Chapter 28: Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

1. Marine teleosts that live in the ocean where the seawater has an osmotic pressure of
800 mOsm have an osmotic pressure of _______ mOsm.
a. 900
b. 850
c. 800
d. 600
e. 500
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Introduction, p. 717
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

2. If the osmolarity of freshwater is 100 mOsm, the freshwater animals would regulate
their blood to an osmolarity of about _______ mOsm.
a. 70
b. 80
c. 90
d. 100
e. 120
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p. 718
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

3. If the blood osmolarity of a freshwater animal is 100 mOsm, the freshwater osmolarity
is about _______ mOsm.
a. 90
b. 100
c. 110
d. 120
e. 130
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p. 718
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

4. All freshwater animals regulate their blood osmotic pressures at levels ________ to
fresh water.
a. isosmotic
b. hyperosmotic


© 2012 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

,c. hyposmotic
d. isotonic
e. that vary seasonally
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p. 718
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

5. Freshwater animals are
a. hyperosmotic regulators.
b. hyposmotic regulators.
c. isosmotic regulators.
d. isotonic conformers.
e. hyperosmotic conformers.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p. 718
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

6. Which of the following organisms have the highest concentration of sodium ions in
their plasma?
a. Freshwater mussels
b. Crayfish
c. Brown trout
d. Frogs
e. Snails
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p. 718
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

7. Freshwater animals tend to
a. lose water and gain ions.
b. gain water and ions.
c. gain water and lose ions.
d. lose water and ions.
e. lose water in certain locations and gain water in other locations.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p. 718
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

8. If a crayfish’s antennal gland is damaged, which of the following functions is lost?
a. Sensation
b. Chemical detection
c. Defenses
d. Locomotion
e. Chemical consistency
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p. 719



© 2012 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

, Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

9. The antennal gland opens at the base of the
a. first antenna.
b. second antenna.
c. third antenna.
d. first limb.
e. second limb.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p. 719
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

10. The integument of freshwater crayfish is no more than _______ as permeable to water
and sodium as the integument of marine decapods of the same size.
a. 10%
b. 12%
c. 15%
d. 18%
e. 21%
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p. 719
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

11. Fresh water animals’ integuments have low permeability so that
a. ATP production is great enough to maintain normal blood composition.
b. the rate of ion exchange is maximized without the expenditure of energy.
c. the rate of water exchange is minimized without the expenditure of energy.
d. ATP production is great enough to maintain normal intracellular fluid concentration.
e. the blood pH level will decrease.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p. 719
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

12. Gills in freshwater crayfish provide a(n)
a. advantage for oxygen intake but a disadvantage for water intake.
b. advantage for oxygen intake and an advantage for water intake.
c. disadvantage for oxygen intake and a disadvantage for water intake.
d. disadvantage for oxygen intake but an advantage for water intake.
e. advantage for carbon dioxide intake but a disadvantage for water intake.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p. 719
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

13. Which of the following animals has the lowest osmotic U/P ratio?
a. Clawed toad
b. Goldfish



© 2012 Sinauer Associates, Inc.