CHAPTER 4
NEURAL CONDUCTION AND SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION:
HOW NEURONS SEND AND RECEIVE SIGNALS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) "Reptilian stare" is sometimes used to describe the widely opened, unblinking eyes and motionless
face of
A) Parkinson's disease.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) old age.
D) infancy.
E) Alzheimer's disease.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 77
Topic: Chapter 4 Introduction
Type: (Applied)
2) Dopamine is not an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease because
A) dopaminergic neurons are restricted to the PNS.
B) Parkinson's disease is a cholinergic dysfunction.
C) Parkinson's disease is a noradrenergic dysfunction.
D) d'Orta is the treatment of choice.
E) dopamine does not readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 77
Topic: Chapter 4 Introduction
Type: (Applied)
3) Parkinson's disease is treated with
A) dopamine.
B) serotonin.
C) acetylcholine.
D) norepinephrine.
E) L-DOPA.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 77
Topic: Chapter 4 Introduction
Type: (Applied)
4) A membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between
A) neuron membranes.
B) synapses and cell bodies.
C) the inside and outside of a cell.
D) nuclei and tracts.
E) ganglia and nerves.
,Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
5) The tips of intracellular recording electrodes are
A) about the size of a neuron.
B) too small to be seen with the naked eye.
C) less than one thousandth of a millimeter in diameter.
D) both B and C
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
6) At rest,
A) a neuron has a membrane potential of about -70 mV.
B) the electrical charge outside the neuron is 70 mV less than inside the neuron.
C) a neuron is polarized.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
7) In its resting state, a neuron is said to be
A) polarized.
B) depolarized.
C) hypopolarized.
D) hyperpolarized.
E) firing.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 77
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
8) Salts in solution separate into positively and negatively charged
A) membrane potentials.
B) EPSPs.
C) IPSPs.
D) ions.
E) crystals.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
,Type: (Factual)
9) Outside the membranes of resting neurons, there are many more
A) inhibitory neurotransmitters.
B) neurotransmitters.
C) Na+ ions.
D) K+ ions.
E) nuclei.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
10) Na+ ions are encouraged to move into neurons by
A) nonrandom assignment.
B) electrostatic pressure.
C) the sodium-potassium pump.
D) selective ion channels.
E) nonrandom movement.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
Rationale: Remember that sodium-potassium pumps move Na+ ions out of resting
neurons.
11) Which of the following is a passive force that acts to encourage Na+ ions to enter resting neurons?
A) random motion, which tends to move ions down their concentration gradients
B) electrostatic pressure, which forces ions down their electrostatic gradients
C) sodium-potassium pumps, which distribute Na+ and K+ ions equally
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
Rationale: Remember that sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions out of
resting neurons.
12) Ions pass through the neural membrane via specialized pores called
A) gap junctions.
B) PSPs.
C) ion channels.
D) vesicles.
E) connexons.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
, Type: (Factual)
13) Na+ ions are continuously forced into neurons by
A) their high internal concentration.
B) their high external concentration.
C) the negative resting potential.
D) both B and C
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
14) Sodium-potassium pumps maintain the resting membrane potential by transporting
A) Na+ ions into neurons.
B) K+ ions into neurons.
C) Na+ ions out of neurons.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
15) According to the theory of Hodgkin and Huxley,
A) Na+ ions continuously leak out of a resting neuron.
B) Na+ ions are continuously pumped into a resting neuron.
C) K+ ions continuously leak out of a resting neuron.
D) K+ ions are continuously pumped out of a resting neuron.
E) both A and B
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
16) Contributing to the unequal distribution of ions on either side of a resting neural membrane
A) is random ion movement.
B) are electrostatic gradients.
C) are sodium-potassium pumps.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
NEURAL CONDUCTION AND SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION:
HOW NEURONS SEND AND RECEIVE SIGNALS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) "Reptilian stare" is sometimes used to describe the widely opened, unblinking eyes and motionless
face of
A) Parkinson's disease.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) old age.
D) infancy.
E) Alzheimer's disease.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 77
Topic: Chapter 4 Introduction
Type: (Applied)
2) Dopamine is not an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease because
A) dopaminergic neurons are restricted to the PNS.
B) Parkinson's disease is a cholinergic dysfunction.
C) Parkinson's disease is a noradrenergic dysfunction.
D) d'Orta is the treatment of choice.
E) dopamine does not readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 77
Topic: Chapter 4 Introduction
Type: (Applied)
3) Parkinson's disease is treated with
A) dopamine.
B) serotonin.
C) acetylcholine.
D) norepinephrine.
E) L-DOPA.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 77
Topic: Chapter 4 Introduction
Type: (Applied)
4) A membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between
A) neuron membranes.
B) synapses and cell bodies.
C) the inside and outside of a cell.
D) nuclei and tracts.
E) ganglia and nerves.
,Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
5) The tips of intracellular recording electrodes are
A) about the size of a neuron.
B) too small to be seen with the naked eye.
C) less than one thousandth of a millimeter in diameter.
D) both B and C
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
6) At rest,
A) a neuron has a membrane potential of about -70 mV.
B) the electrical charge outside the neuron is 70 mV less than inside the neuron.
C) a neuron is polarized.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
7) In its resting state, a neuron is said to be
A) polarized.
B) depolarized.
C) hypopolarized.
D) hyperpolarized.
E) firing.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 77
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
8) Salts in solution separate into positively and negatively charged
A) membrane potentials.
B) EPSPs.
C) IPSPs.
D) ions.
E) crystals.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
,Type: (Factual)
9) Outside the membranes of resting neurons, there are many more
A) inhibitory neurotransmitters.
B) neurotransmitters.
C) Na+ ions.
D) K+ ions.
E) nuclei.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
10) Na+ ions are encouraged to move into neurons by
A) nonrandom assignment.
B) electrostatic pressure.
C) the sodium-potassium pump.
D) selective ion channels.
E) nonrandom movement.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
Rationale: Remember that sodium-potassium pumps move Na+ ions out of resting
neurons.
11) Which of the following is a passive force that acts to encourage Na+ ions to enter resting neurons?
A) random motion, which tends to move ions down their concentration gradients
B) electrostatic pressure, which forces ions down their electrostatic gradients
C) sodium-potassium pumps, which distribute Na+ and K+ ions equally
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
Rationale: Remember that sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions out of
resting neurons.
12) Ions pass through the neural membrane via specialized pores called
A) gap junctions.
B) PSPs.
C) ion channels.
D) vesicles.
E) connexons.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
, Type: (Factual)
13) Na+ ions are continuously forced into neurons by
A) their high internal concentration.
B) their high external concentration.
C) the negative resting potential.
D) both B and C
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
14) Sodium-potassium pumps maintain the resting membrane potential by transporting
A) Na+ ions into neurons.
B) K+ ions into neurons.
C) Na+ ions out of neurons.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
15) According to the theory of Hodgkin and Huxley,
A) Na+ ions continuously leak out of a resting neuron.
B) Na+ ions are continuously pumped into a resting neuron.
C) K+ ions continuously leak out of a resting neuron.
D) K+ ions are continuously pumped out of a resting neuron.
E) both A and B
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
16) Contributing to the unequal distribution of ions on either side of a resting neural membrane
A) is random ion movement.
B) are electrostatic gradients.
C) are sodium-potassium pumps.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78
Topic: 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential
Type: (Factual)
