Chapter 10: Anti-Infectives: Antitubercular and Antifungal Drugs
Workman & LaCharity: Understanding Pharmacology: Essentials for Medication
Safety, 2nd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
BASIC CONCEPTS
1. What is the major way in which tuberculosis is spread from one person to another?
a.
By blood transfusions
b.
By aerosol transmission
c.
Through direct skin contact
d.
From unprotected sexual intercourse
ANS: B
The tuberculosis (TB) bacteria are spread when bacteria-filled droplets travel through the air
when a person with TB coughs, laughs, sneezes, sings, or whistles. These droplets can be
inhaled by another person who then may develop the disease. Bacteria-filled droplets in the air
are known as “aerosol transmission.” It is possible to spread TB in other ways but aerosol
transmission is by far the most common.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 157
2. Which statement about tuberculosis (TB) is true?
a.
The lungs are the only organ ever affected by TB.
b.
A positive TB test means the person has active tuberculosis.
c.
Far more people are infected with TB than actually develop the disease.
d.
Any redness in the area where the TB test was performed is considered positive.
ANS: C
TB is the most common bacterial infection worldwide. However, it requires an overwhelming
exposure in a susceptible host to develop the disease. Therefore many more people are
exposed to and take in the bacteria than who actually go on to develop the disease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 157
3. Which drug is NOT one of the “first-line” antitubercular drugs?
a.
Isoniazid (INH)
b.
Rifampin (RIF)
c.
Pyrazinamide (PAS)
d.
Amphotericin (AMT)
ANS: D
The four first-line drugs to treat tuberculosis are isoniazid, ethambutal, rifampin, and
pyrazinamide. Amphotericin is an antifungal drug.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 159
4. Which antitubercular drug causes the urine to turn reddish orange?
a.
Isoniazid (INH)
, b.
Rifampin (RIF)
c.
Pyrazinamide (PAS)
d.
Ethambutol (EMB)
ANS: B
Rifampin is associated with discoloration of the urine, which turns a reddish orange or a
reddish brown color. The cause of this discoloration is not known but may be related to the
drug’s action of increasing the renal excretion of bile acids.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 160
5. Which antitubercular drug is avoided in the treatment of children who have tuberculosis?
a.
Isoniazid (INH)
b.
Rifampin (RIF)
c.
Pyrazinamide (PAS)
d.
Ethambutol (EMB)
ANS: D
Ethambutol can cause serious eye problems that may lead to blindness in people of any age.
Its use is avoided in children because they may not recognize vision changes caused by the
drug soon enough to avoid permanent vision changes or blindness.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 162
6. How long is the minimum course of drug therapy for an immunocompetent patient with active
tuberculosis?
a.
7 to 10 days
b.
6 weeks
c.
6 months
d.
2 years
ANS: C
A patient who has nondrug-resistant tuberculosis must remain on the prescribed medications
for at least 6 months. The organism is slow growing and is harder to control than other
types of bacteria.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 159
7. What type of fungal infections can be treated with topical antifungal agents?
a.
Those that are confined to the skin or mucous membranes
b.
Those that are located under the toenails or fingernails
c.
Those that are infected by only one specific type of fungus
d.
The type that only infect humans and not animals
ANS: A
Antifungal drugs that are applied topically do not penetrate tissues and only work against
fungi that are on the surface.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 163
8. Which antifungal drug causes “red man syndrome?”
a.
Amphotericin B
Workman & LaCharity: Understanding Pharmacology: Essentials for Medication
Safety, 2nd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
BASIC CONCEPTS
1. What is the major way in which tuberculosis is spread from one person to another?
a.
By blood transfusions
b.
By aerosol transmission
c.
Through direct skin contact
d.
From unprotected sexual intercourse
ANS: B
The tuberculosis (TB) bacteria are spread when bacteria-filled droplets travel through the air
when a person with TB coughs, laughs, sneezes, sings, or whistles. These droplets can be
inhaled by another person who then may develop the disease. Bacteria-filled droplets in the air
are known as “aerosol transmission.” It is possible to spread TB in other ways but aerosol
transmission is by far the most common.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 157
2. Which statement about tuberculosis (TB) is true?
a.
The lungs are the only organ ever affected by TB.
b.
A positive TB test means the person has active tuberculosis.
c.
Far more people are infected with TB than actually develop the disease.
d.
Any redness in the area where the TB test was performed is considered positive.
ANS: C
TB is the most common bacterial infection worldwide. However, it requires an overwhelming
exposure in a susceptible host to develop the disease. Therefore many more people are
exposed to and take in the bacteria than who actually go on to develop the disease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 157
3. Which drug is NOT one of the “first-line” antitubercular drugs?
a.
Isoniazid (INH)
b.
Rifampin (RIF)
c.
Pyrazinamide (PAS)
d.
Amphotericin (AMT)
ANS: D
The four first-line drugs to treat tuberculosis are isoniazid, ethambutal, rifampin, and
pyrazinamide. Amphotericin is an antifungal drug.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 159
4. Which antitubercular drug causes the urine to turn reddish orange?
a.
Isoniazid (INH)
, b.
Rifampin (RIF)
c.
Pyrazinamide (PAS)
d.
Ethambutol (EMB)
ANS: B
Rifampin is associated with discoloration of the urine, which turns a reddish orange or a
reddish brown color. The cause of this discoloration is not known but may be related to the
drug’s action of increasing the renal excretion of bile acids.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 160
5. Which antitubercular drug is avoided in the treatment of children who have tuberculosis?
a.
Isoniazid (INH)
b.
Rifampin (RIF)
c.
Pyrazinamide (PAS)
d.
Ethambutol (EMB)
ANS: D
Ethambutol can cause serious eye problems that may lead to blindness in people of any age.
Its use is avoided in children because they may not recognize vision changes caused by the
drug soon enough to avoid permanent vision changes or blindness.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 162
6. How long is the minimum course of drug therapy for an immunocompetent patient with active
tuberculosis?
a.
7 to 10 days
b.
6 weeks
c.
6 months
d.
2 years
ANS: C
A patient who has nondrug-resistant tuberculosis must remain on the prescribed medications
for at least 6 months. The organism is slow growing and is harder to control than other
types of bacteria.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 159
7. What type of fungal infections can be treated with topical antifungal agents?
a.
Those that are confined to the skin or mucous membranes
b.
Those that are located under the toenails or fingernails
c.
Those that are infected by only one specific type of fungus
d.
The type that only infect humans and not animals
ANS: A
Antifungal drugs that are applied topically do not penetrate tissues and only work against
fungi that are on the surface.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 163
8. Which antifungal drug causes “red man syndrome?”
a.
Amphotericin B
