NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide 2021/2022

Module 1 1. What happens during the alarm phase of Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?  à “Fight or flight” response  Hypothalamus senses need to activate the GAS in response to a stimulus (stressor) putting the balance of homeostasis at risk  Hypothalamus then secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) to activate SNS which also stimulates adrenal medulla to release catecholamines-norepinephrine & epinephrine  During the phase, there is reduced resistance to stressors, but one the pituitary gland is activated, progresses to stage of resistance  Meant to be helpful in helping organisms to overcome the stressor. (Heart ate increases, your adrenal glands release cortisol). 2. Remember this is the fight or flight stage. What clinical findings would the patient in the fight or flight stage present with? (Select All)  Increased heart rate, increased respirations, sweating, increased blood flow to muscles, increased muscle strength, increased mental alertness, increased fat & protein mobilization, increased glucose availability, decrease in inflammation 3. The four components of Pathophysiology (Select all)  Etiology: cause or reason of the event -May include agents, age, gender health, nutritional status, genetics, etc. -Idiopathic: cause unknown -Iatrogenic: unwanted or undesired effect of a medical treatment -May be intrinsic or extrinsic  Pathogenesis -development & evolution of a disease. Affected by time, quantity, location, & morphologic changes  Clinal Manifestations -includes S + S’s of the disease, stages of the disease, acute vs. chronic  Treatment Implications -all of the above ^ components of patho = how will we treat the patient based on what we know? 4. Prevention and treatment of disease- eg. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary