NUR 505 Chapter 07: Nutrition Test Bank—Nursing (100% Correct Solution)

Chapter 07: Nutrition Test Bank—Nursing MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Mrs. Raymonds is a 24-year-old patient who has presented for a routine concern over her current weight. In your patient teaching with her, you explain the importance of macronutrients. Which of the following is a macronutrient? a. Iron b. Thiamine c. Calcium d. Fat ANS: D Carbohydrates, protein, and fat are referred to as macronutrients because they are required in large amounts. Iron, thiamine, and calcium are minerals. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 95 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 2. Macronutrients are so named because they: a. have high molecular weights. b. form long chemical chains. c. tend to increase waist measurements. d. are required in large amounts. ANS: D Carbohydrates, protein, and fat are referred to as macronutrients because they are required in large amounts. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 95 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 3. The body handles excess carbohydrate ingestion by: a. storing it as fat. b. raising the metabolic rate. c. excreting it in urine and stool. d. enzyme degradation. ANS: A Excess carbohydrates, not used for fueling the body’s demands, are stored in fatty tissues. The body does not handle excess carbohydrate ingestion by raising the metabolic rate or by enzyme degradation. Excess carbohydrate is not excreted; it is stored. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 96 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 4. A college student comes to the student health center complaining of difficulty in concentrating during class and while studying. The diet that would contribute to this problem is one that contains mostly: a. fruit and vegetables. b. lean meat and fish. c. sandwiches and diet drinks. d. pasta and chicken. ANS: B Carbohydrates are the only source of fuel for the brain and central nervous system. A diet low in carbohydrates, such as a diet mostly of meat and fish, could affect brain function. Fruits and vegetables, sandwiches and diet drinks, and pasta and chicken have moderate levels of needed carbohydrates. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis) REF: pp. 95-96 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 5. Mrs. Webb is a 38-year-old patient who has been changing her lifestyle to eat in a healthy way and lose weight. During your health promotion education regarding her nutritional status, you explain the function of dietary protein as: a. providing an energy source for the brain. b. building and maintaining tissues. c. participating in specific detoxifying metabolic pathways. d. synthesizing and regulating hormones. ANS: B The major functions of proteins include building and maintaining tissues, regulating water and acid-base balance, and acting as precursors for enzymes, antibodies, and several hormones. Carbohydrates, not proteins, provide an energy source for the brain. Proteins do not participate in detoxifying metabolic pathways or synthesize and regulate hormones. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 96 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 6. Mr. Miles is a 45-year-old man who is being evaluated for obesity. Advising Mr. Miles to reduce which macronutrient will produce the greatest calorie reduction per gram? a. Carbohydrate b. Protein c. Fat d. All provide the same number of calories per gram. ANS: C Reducing fats will produce the greatest calorie reduction per gram. Carbohydrates and proteins supply 4 calories per gram, and fats supply 9 calories per gram. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis) REF: p. 96 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 7. In counseling a client regarding nutrition education, you explain that linoleic acid, a major fatty acid, is thought to be essential for: a. glycogen storage in the liver. b. normal growth and development. c. myocardial cell function. d. building and maintaining tissues. ANS: B Linoleic acid, found abundantly in milk and dairy fats, is required for normal growth and development. Recently, it has been suggested that it can reduce body fat in overweight persons, as well as having cancer-fighting properties. Carbohydrates provide for glycogen storage and energy for myocardial cell function. Proteins are essential for building and maintaining tissues. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 96 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 8. Mr. Jones is a 45-year-old patient who presents for a physical examination. On examination, you note costochondral beading, an enlarged skull, and bowed legs and diagnose him with rickets. A deficiency of which fat-soluble micronutrient can result in rickets? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin E c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin K ANS: C Diets deficient in vitamin D can cause rickets. Today, milk is fortified with vitamin D; therefore, rickets is seldom seen in the United States. Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, dry eyes, and poor bone growth. Vitamin E deficiency causes hyporeflexia, retinal degeneration, and red cell hemolysis in malnourished infants. Vitamin K deficiency results in prolonged bleeding and prothrombin time, which are hemorrhagic manifestations. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis) REF: p. 103 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 9. Mrs. Grace is a 58-year-old patient who has a diagnosis of pernicious anemia. Which B vitamin is deficient in patients with pernicious anemia? a. B1 b. B2 c. B6 d. B12 ANS: D Vitamin B12 deficiency can result in pernicious anemia. Vitamin B1 deficiency results in beriberi. Vitamin B2 deficiency results in scaling skin, glossitis, and burning, itching, and sensitive eyes. Vitamin B6 deficiency results in weak gait, irritability, neuropathy, and convulsions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 104 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 10. Mrs. Wade is a 51-year-old patient who presents for a follow-up visit. In reviewing her nutritional history and diagnostic studies, you have diagnosed her with osteoporosis. Deficiency of which micronutrient is implicated in osteoporosis? a. Phosphorus b. Calcium c. Iron d. Zinc ANS: B Ninety-nine percent of bone is composed of calcium. A deficiency in calcium would lead to osteoporosis. Phosphorus deficiency is rare. Iron deficiency results in pallor, lethargy, anorexia, and hypochromic microcytic anemia. Zinc deficiency results in decreased wound healing, hypogonadism, anemia, hair loss, diarrhea, and altered taste. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis) REF: p. 105 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 11. Mr. Williams, a 62-year-old patient, presents for a physical examination. You suspect a vitamin D deficiency. Which of the following assessment findings might lead the examiner to suspect vitamin D deficiency? a. Spinal curvature and bowed legs b. Night blindness and dry eyes c. Neuropathy and seizures d. Nausea and insomnia ANS: A Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets, a disease manifested by spinal curvature and bowed legs. Night blindness and dry eyes result from vitamin A deficiency. Neuropathy and convulsions result from vitamin B6 deficiency. Nausea and insomnia result from a biotin deficiency. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis) REF: p. 103 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 12. Which of the following is the most vital nutrient? a. Protein b. Carbohydrate c. Fat d. Water ANS: D Water is the most vital nutrient. A person can exist without food for several weeks but without water for only a few days. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 96 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 13. Under normal circumstances, how much water is lost daily by the body? a. 1 to 1.5 liters b. 2 to 2.5 liters c. 3 to 4 liters d. 5 to 6 liters ANS: B Under normal circumstances, approximately 2 to 2.5 liters of water is lost daily. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 96 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 14. The largest proportion of total energy expenditure by the body occurs through: a. thermogenesis. b. digestive processes. c. resting energy. d. physical activity. ANS: C Resting energy expenditure contributes the largest proportion of total energy expenditure by the body. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 97 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 15. Which of the following is the most accurate reflection of an individual’s food intake? a. Twenty-four-hour diet recall b. Food diary c. Computerized nutrient analysis d. Serum protein assay ANS: B The food diary is a record of intake as it happens, making this method the most accurate reflection of an individual’s food intake. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 101 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 16. Mrs. Hartzell is a 34-year-old patient who has presented for nutritional counseling because she is a vegetarian. Deficiency of which of the following is a concern in the vegetarian diet? a. Ascorbic acid b. Vitamin B12 c. Folate d. Fiber ANS: B The nutrients that may be deficient in a vegetarian diet, if not carefully planned, include proteins, calcium, iron, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 102 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 17. When using rule of thumb estimates of energy needs of healthy adults, how many kcal/kg are required to maintain the individual’s current weight? a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50 ANS: B The requirement for weight maintenance is 30 kcal/kg. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: pp. 102-103 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 18. Which age group requires the highest percentage of dietary fat intake? a. Infants and children up to 2 years of age b. Children between 2 and 10 years of age c. Adolescents d. Older adults ANS: A Before 2 years of age, fat intake may reach 35% to 40% of calories. Children between 2 and 10 require 25% to 35% of calories. Adolescents require 25% to 35% of calories. Older adults require 25% to 35% of calories. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 102 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 19. Ms. Otten is a 45-year-old patient who presents with a complaint of weight gain. Which medication is frequently associated with weight gain? a. Diuretics b. Oral hypoglycemics c. Laxatives d. Steroids ANS: D Medications that contribute to weight gain include steroids, oral contraceptives, antidepressants, and insulin. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 97 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 20. Ms. A’s major risk factor for developing an eating disorder is having: a. parents who stress academia and social acceptance. b. a first-degree relative with an eating disorder. c. siblings who are low academic achievers. d. parents who stress the importance of the food pyramid. ANS: B A major risk factor for an eating disorder is having a family history of eating disorders, especially in a first-degree relative. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis) REF: p. 99 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 21. Monitoring a patient’s waist-to-hip ratio provides data concerning: a. daily caloric requirements. b. lung capacity. c. stomach cancer risk. d. cardiovascular disease risk. ANS: D Waist-to-hip ratios may aid in predicting relative disease risk in terms of cardiovascular risk factors. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis) REF: p. 100 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 22. Ms. Davis is a 27-year-old patient with a BMI of 33. Based on her BMI, your diagnosis would be: a. normal body weight. b. overweight. c. obese. d. extremely obese. ANS: C An obese BMI is 30 to 39.9. A normal BMI is less than 24. An overweight BMI is 25 to 29.9. An extremely obese BMI is greater than 40. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis) REF: p. 110 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 23. A 17-year-old girl presents to the clinic for a sports physical. Physical examination findings reveal bradycardia, multiple erosions of tooth enamel, and scars on her knuckles. She appears healthy otherwise. You should ask her if she: a. binges and vomits. b. has regular menstrual periods. c. has constipation frequently. d. is cold intolerant. ANS: A In young adults, usually female, bradycardia, knuckle scars, and tooth decay are signs of chronic, self-induced vomiting characteristic of bulimia. Amenorrhea can occur from increased physical activity or anorexia. Constipation and cold intolerance are usually symptoms of anorexia nervosa. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: p. 112 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation COMPLETION 1. The recommended carbohydrate content of total dietary intake (% total calories) is %. ANS: 50 Fifty percent of total caloric intake should be from carbohydrates. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 96 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 2. The recommended minimum daily protein requirement for the normal adult is . ANS: 10% to 35% of total calories It is recommended that the protein content of the diet be 10% to 35% of total calories, or 45 g in adults. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 96 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 3. You are using the rule of thumb for advising a 150-pound person regarding the appropriate number of calories to promote weight loss. Your advice is for the person to consume no more than calories daily. ANS: 1700 The person weighs 68 kg, so multiplying by 25 (rule of thumb for weight loss) equals 1700 calories. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis) REF: p. 102 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation 4. The adult recommended dietary fat intake should be g/day. ANS: 20 to 35 It is recommended that fat content of the diet be 20 to 35 g/day. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 96 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Nutrient composition for the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet include which of the following: (Select all that apply.) a. Saturated fat less than 4% b. Total fat, 25% to 35% c. Carbohydrates, 40% d. Fiber, 30 g/day e. Monounsaturated fat, up to 20% cal f. Cholesterol, 250 mg/ day ANS: B, D, E The nutrient composition for the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet include polyunsaturated fat, up to 10%, monounsaturated fat, up to 20%, total fat, 25% to 35%, fiber, 20 to 30 g/day, protein, 15% of calories, and cholesterol, 200 mg/day. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 113 OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation Show Less