Hesi study guide fundamentals
HESI Final Study Guide: Fundamentals
Medication Calculations Intramuscular Injection (IM): Injection into a muscle
(IM, mg and mL, IV- Intradermal (ID): Injection into the dermis just under the epidermis
gtt/min) Subcutaneous: Injection into tissue just below the dermis of the skin
Review: All oral and Intravenous (IV): Injection into a vein
Injectable calculations;
conversion methods for PRN: As needed. When administering medications, document the assessment
weights and temperatures findings that show why the patient needs the medication and the time of
administration.
Single-One Time Orders: Prescriber orders a medication to be given only once at a
specified time.
STAT Orders: Signifies that a single dose of medication is to be given immediately
and only once. STAT orders are written for emergencies when a patient’s condition
changes suddenly.
Now Orders: More specific than a one-time order and is used when a patient
needs medication quickly but not right away, as in a STAT order.
Five rights 1. Right Medication
2. Right Dose
3. Right Patient
4. Right Route
5. Right Time
6. Right Documentation
Safe administration, side 1. Check information on the patient’s MAR: use it to prepare and administer
effects medications.
2. When preparing the medications from bottles or containers, compare the
label of the medication container with the MAR three times.
3. Check the label with the MAR when taking medications out of the
medication dispensing system.
4. Verify all medications at the patient’s bedside with the patient’s MAR and
use at least two identifiers before giving the patient any medications.
5. Unit-dose system is designed to minimize errors.
6. Pharmacists split medications, label and package them.
7. Check patient ID band; wireless bar-code scanner to help identify the right
patient.
8. Check for allergies and ensure all patient reactions
Side Effects:
1. Predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects produced at a usual
therapeutic dose.
Adverse Effects:
1. Unintended, undesirable, and often unpredictable severe responses to
medication.
2. Immediate, whereas other take weeks or months to develop.
3. Early recognition is important
Toxic Effects:
1. Develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication
accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion.
INFO ON: Syringe Sizes: It is unusual to use a syringe size larger than 5 mL for injection.
Syringes often come prepackaged.
1. A 1-3 mL syringe is usually adequate for subcutaneous or IM injections.
2. A TB syringe has the 1 mL capacity
3. Insulin syringes have the capacity of 0.3 to 1 mL
,Hesi study guide fundamentals
19 gauge,1 ½ -inch
length; 20 gauge, 1-inch
length; 21 gauge, 1-inch
length; 23 gauge, 1-inch
length;
and 25 gauge,⅝ -inch
length.
Ampules: Ampules contain single doses of medication in a liquid. Ampules are
available in several sizes, from 1 mL to 10 mL or more. An ampule is made of
glass with a constricted neck that must be snapped off to allow access to the
medication. A colored ring around the neck indicates where the ampule is pre-
scored so you can break it easily. Carefully aspirate the medication into a syringe
*CLOSED SYSTEM*
Vial: a single-dose or multidose container with a rubber seal at the top. Vials
contain liquid or dry forms of medications. Medications that are unstable in
solution are packaged dry. The vial label specifies the solvent or diluent used to
dissolve the medication and the amount of diluent needed to prepare a desired
medication concentration. *CLOSED SYSTEM*
IM: *90 DEGREE* Intramuscular injections, syringes are up to 5 mL. The IM route
provides faster medication absorption than the subcutaneous route because of
the greater vascularity of the muscle. However, IM injections are associated with
many risks. Ventrogluteal and Vastus Lateralis are common sites for IM injections.
SQ: *45 TO 90 DEGREE* Subcutaneous injections involve placing medications
into the loose connective tissue under the dermis. Because subcutaneous tissue
is not as richly supplied with blood as the muscles, medication absorption is
somewhat slower than with IM injections. Deltoid is a common site for
injection.
Eyedrops:
1. Avoid instilling any form of eye medications directly onto the cornea. The
cornea of the eye has many pain fibers and thus is very sensitive to
anything applied to it.
2. Avoid touching the eyelids or other eye structures with eyedroppers or
ointment tubes. The risk of transmitting infection from one eye to the other
is high.
3. Use eye medication only for the patient's affected eye.
4. Never allow a patient to use another patient's eye medications
G-Tube:
1. Connect syringe with medication to nasogastric tube, G-tube, J-tube, or
small-bore feeding tube. Do not use pigtail vent
Basic Skills Vital Signs:
1. Adult Normal Temp Range: 98.6 to 100.4 degrees F
2. Adult Normal Respirations: 12 to 20 Breaths/PM
3. Adult Normal BP: 120/80
4. Adult Normal Pulse: 60 to 100 BPM
Pulse Ox: Measures the oxygen saturation of blood. Usually between 95% to
100%.
1. Outside light sources interfere with ability of oximeter to process
, Hesi study guide fundamentals
HESI Final Study Guide: Fundamentals
Medication Calculations Intramuscular Injection (IM): Injection into a muscle
(IM, mg and mL, IV- Intradermal (ID): Injection into the dermis just under the epidermis
gtt/min) Subcutaneous: Injection into tissue just below the dermis of the skin
Review: All oral and Intravenous (IV): Injection into a vein
Injectable calculations;
conversion methods for PRN: As needed. When administering medications, document the assessment
weights and temperatures findings that show why the patient needs the medication and the time of
administration.
Single-One Time Orders: Prescriber orders a medication to be given only once at a
specified time.
STAT Orders: Signifies that a single dose of medication is to be given immediately
and only once. STAT orders are written for emergencies when a patient’s condition
changes suddenly.
Now Orders: More specific than a one-time order and is used when a patient
needs medication quickly but not right away, as in a STAT order.
Five rights 1. Right Medication
2. Right Dose
3. Right Patient
4. Right Route
5. Right Time
6. Right Documentation
Safe administration, side 1. Check information on the patient’s MAR: use it to prepare and administer
effects medications.
2. When preparing the medications from bottles or containers, compare the
label of the medication container with the MAR three times.
3. Check the label with the MAR when taking medications out of the
medication dispensing system.
4. Verify all medications at the patient’s bedside with the patient’s MAR and
use at least two identifiers before giving the patient any medications.
5. Unit-dose system is designed to minimize errors.
6. Pharmacists split medications, label and package them.
7. Check patient ID band; wireless bar-code scanner to help identify the right
patient.
8. Check for allergies and ensure all patient reactions
Side Effects:
1. Predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects produced at a usual
therapeutic dose.
Adverse Effects:
1. Unintended, undesirable, and often unpredictable severe responses to
medication.
2. Immediate, whereas other take weeks or months to develop.
3. Early recognition is important
Toxic Effects:
1. Develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication
accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion.
INFO ON: Syringe Sizes: It is unusual to use a syringe size larger than 5 mL for injection.
Syringes often come prepackaged.
1. A 1-3 mL syringe is usually adequate for subcutaneous or IM injections.
2. A TB syringe has the 1 mL capacity
3. Insulin syringes have the capacity of 0.3 to 1 mL
,Hesi study guide fundamentals
19 gauge,1 ½ -inch
length; 20 gauge, 1-inch
length; 21 gauge, 1-inch
length; 23 gauge, 1-inch
length;
and 25 gauge,⅝ -inch
length.
Ampules: Ampules contain single doses of medication in a liquid. Ampules are
available in several sizes, from 1 mL to 10 mL or more. An ampule is made of
glass with a constricted neck that must be snapped off to allow access to the
medication. A colored ring around the neck indicates where the ampule is pre-
scored so you can break it easily. Carefully aspirate the medication into a syringe
*CLOSED SYSTEM*
Vial: a single-dose or multidose container with a rubber seal at the top. Vials
contain liquid or dry forms of medications. Medications that are unstable in
solution are packaged dry. The vial label specifies the solvent or diluent used to
dissolve the medication and the amount of diluent needed to prepare a desired
medication concentration. *CLOSED SYSTEM*
IM: *90 DEGREE* Intramuscular injections, syringes are up to 5 mL. The IM route
provides faster medication absorption than the subcutaneous route because of
the greater vascularity of the muscle. However, IM injections are associated with
many risks. Ventrogluteal and Vastus Lateralis are common sites for IM injections.
SQ: *45 TO 90 DEGREE* Subcutaneous injections involve placing medications
into the loose connective tissue under the dermis. Because subcutaneous tissue
is not as richly supplied with blood as the muscles, medication absorption is
somewhat slower than with IM injections. Deltoid is a common site for
injection.
Eyedrops:
1. Avoid instilling any form of eye medications directly onto the cornea. The
cornea of the eye has many pain fibers and thus is very sensitive to
anything applied to it.
2. Avoid touching the eyelids or other eye structures with eyedroppers or
ointment tubes. The risk of transmitting infection from one eye to the other
is high.
3. Use eye medication only for the patient's affected eye.
4. Never allow a patient to use another patient's eye medications
G-Tube:
1. Connect syringe with medication to nasogastric tube, G-tube, J-tube, or
small-bore feeding tube. Do not use pigtail vent
Basic Skills Vital Signs:
1. Adult Normal Temp Range: 98.6 to 100.4 degrees F
2. Adult Normal Respirations: 12 to 20 Breaths/PM
3. Adult Normal BP: 120/80
4. Adult Normal Pulse: 60 to 100 BPM
Pulse Ox: Measures the oxygen saturation of blood. Usually between 95% to
100%.
1. Outside light sources interfere with ability of oximeter to process
, Hesi study guide fundamentals
