SDC U.S. History Exam Notes
Post Civil War/Reconstruction Era - 1860's to 1870's
KKK - formed around time of Reconstruction. Purpose was to cause fear and
terror and to control politics, targeted African Americans and eventually
immigrants
Redeemers - they were politicians that aimed to repair or "redeem" the South
in the eyes of Congress, believed in White supremacy and Lost Cause Myth
Compromise to 1877 - the election was very close, Tildon conceded the
presidency to Hayes in exchange to remove troops and control over South
Lost Cause Myth - ideology that the South's actions in the Civil War and just
and virtuous. This idea enforces that the Southerners were trying to protect
the antebellum South and State's rights and opposing Northern aggression.
(bunch of bologna)
Sharecropping - a landowner would dedicate a spot of land and crop to a
family and provide them a place to live as well as seeds and tools for a "share"
of the crop.
13th Amendment - abolished slavery
14th Amendment - granted equal rights, legal rights, and citizenship to African
Americans and all other races
15th Amendment - granted the right to vote to African Americans and all
other races
American Industry - 1880's to 1890's
New South Mill Economy - railroad expansion increased the production of
tobacco, wheat, but most importantly; cotton. This increase in cotton caused
textile mills to move toward the south including others like tobacco
processing and furniture factories.
,Jim Crow Laws - kept African American separate from white people in public
places. These cruel laws continued into the 1950s' and caused many issues
culturally, economically and socially.
Lynching - a form of terrorism in which African Americans were murdered by
hanging to "maintain" racial supremacy
Plessy v. Ferguson - Plessy was ⅛ African American and refused to sit in the
black train car. The ruling established the "separate but equal" idea.
Jim Crow Advocates - supporters of the laws and white supremacists
The West - 1880's
Exodusters - Pape Singleton lead African Americans who migrated from states
along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late nineteenth century
Cattle Ranchers - drove cattle up and down America to sell them and where
mostly free roaming
Railroads - as a result of the western expansion, many railroads were built like
the continental railroad, cattle were transported in refrigerated cars.
Expanded the west and allowed trade to boom
Homestead Act - encourage expansion and promised people 160 acres of
lands
Peace Policy - Ulysses S Grant remove corrupt Indian agents, who supervise
reservations, and replace them with Christian missionaries.
Reservation Movement - We forced Natives out of there land to Reservations,
the trail of tears was a famous path taken by 60,000 Natives.
U.S. Army vs. Native Americans - the U.S. Army would often attack Natives
even when unprovoked and would even go out and burn whole villages.
Although many were not peaceful some peaceful tribes suffered from this
brutish behavior.
, Destruction of the Native People - our technological superiority gave us a
major advantage in fighting the natives and this made these battles more like
massacres
Natives: Allies or Enemies - some natives were allies while others were not
near was friendly but we eventually mistreated both types
Extermination of Buffalo - White People and Natives killed millions of buffalo
for their hinds and this caused their near extinction.
2 Major Battles out West - Battle of the Little BigHorn, Apache Wars
Environmental Impacts of Westward Expansion - the extermination of species
like buffalo hurt the environment and mining also played a big role in this as
well. Also the destruction of plain grasses will eventually lead to the Dust
Bowl in 1930.
American Masculinity in the West - Cowboys were the peak of masculinity,
they were seen as rough-and-tough gunslingers, when in reality they lived
pretty solitary lives
American Femininity in the West - girls in the west were idealized as pretty
prostitutes in salon who wore revealing dresses. This was true for some
women but many went West to work with their families and worked on the
farm. Women gained rights in the West first
Industrialization - 1870's to 1900's
Electricity - allows people to work longer in factories
Automobiles - cars where made and the advancement of cars would allow
people to move to the suburbs, Henry Ford made the Model T affordable for
everyone.
Barbed Wire - kept free range cattle out of crops in the West
Bessermer Process - purified steel and made it more durable and lighter
Post Civil War/Reconstruction Era - 1860's to 1870's
KKK - formed around time of Reconstruction. Purpose was to cause fear and
terror and to control politics, targeted African Americans and eventually
immigrants
Redeemers - they were politicians that aimed to repair or "redeem" the South
in the eyes of Congress, believed in White supremacy and Lost Cause Myth
Compromise to 1877 - the election was very close, Tildon conceded the
presidency to Hayes in exchange to remove troops and control over South
Lost Cause Myth - ideology that the South's actions in the Civil War and just
and virtuous. This idea enforces that the Southerners were trying to protect
the antebellum South and State's rights and opposing Northern aggression.
(bunch of bologna)
Sharecropping - a landowner would dedicate a spot of land and crop to a
family and provide them a place to live as well as seeds and tools for a "share"
of the crop.
13th Amendment - abolished slavery
14th Amendment - granted equal rights, legal rights, and citizenship to African
Americans and all other races
15th Amendment - granted the right to vote to African Americans and all
other races
American Industry - 1880's to 1890's
New South Mill Economy - railroad expansion increased the production of
tobacco, wheat, but most importantly; cotton. This increase in cotton caused
textile mills to move toward the south including others like tobacco
processing and furniture factories.
,Jim Crow Laws - kept African American separate from white people in public
places. These cruel laws continued into the 1950s' and caused many issues
culturally, economically and socially.
Lynching - a form of terrorism in which African Americans were murdered by
hanging to "maintain" racial supremacy
Plessy v. Ferguson - Plessy was ⅛ African American and refused to sit in the
black train car. The ruling established the "separate but equal" idea.
Jim Crow Advocates - supporters of the laws and white supremacists
The West - 1880's
Exodusters - Pape Singleton lead African Americans who migrated from states
along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late nineteenth century
Cattle Ranchers - drove cattle up and down America to sell them and where
mostly free roaming
Railroads - as a result of the western expansion, many railroads were built like
the continental railroad, cattle were transported in refrigerated cars.
Expanded the west and allowed trade to boom
Homestead Act - encourage expansion and promised people 160 acres of
lands
Peace Policy - Ulysses S Grant remove corrupt Indian agents, who supervise
reservations, and replace them with Christian missionaries.
Reservation Movement - We forced Natives out of there land to Reservations,
the trail of tears was a famous path taken by 60,000 Natives.
U.S. Army vs. Native Americans - the U.S. Army would often attack Natives
even when unprovoked and would even go out and burn whole villages.
Although many were not peaceful some peaceful tribes suffered from this
brutish behavior.
, Destruction of the Native People - our technological superiority gave us a
major advantage in fighting the natives and this made these battles more like
massacres
Natives: Allies or Enemies - some natives were allies while others were not
near was friendly but we eventually mistreated both types
Extermination of Buffalo - White People and Natives killed millions of buffalo
for their hinds and this caused their near extinction.
2 Major Battles out West - Battle of the Little BigHorn, Apache Wars
Environmental Impacts of Westward Expansion - the extermination of species
like buffalo hurt the environment and mining also played a big role in this as
well. Also the destruction of plain grasses will eventually lead to the Dust
Bowl in 1930.
American Masculinity in the West - Cowboys were the peak of masculinity,
they were seen as rough-and-tough gunslingers, when in reality they lived
pretty solitary lives
American Femininity in the West - girls in the west were idealized as pretty
prostitutes in salon who wore revealing dresses. This was true for some
women but many went West to work with their families and worked on the
farm. Women gained rights in the West first
Industrialization - 1870's to 1900's
Electricity - allows people to work longer in factories
Automobiles - cars where made and the advancement of cars would allow
people to move to the suburbs, Henry Ford made the Model T affordable for
everyone.
Barbed Wire - kept free range cattle out of crops in the West
Bessermer Process - purified steel and made it more durable and lighter
