Chapter 25 - Summary Medical Surgical Nursing
Basic Adult Health Care (Keiser University)
, Chapter 25
• The way in size of the heart are influenced by age, gender, body weight, extent of physical exercise
and conditioning, and heart disease
• The heart is in case in a thin fibrous SAC called the Pericardium meanwhile the three layers of the heart
are:
1. endocardium consists of endothelial tissue and the inside of the heart in valves.
2. myocardium is the muscle fibers and responsible for pumping action
3. epicardium is external layer of the heart
• The Top 2 chambers are called the Atria
• the bottom 2 chambers are called ventricles
• the relaxation phase is called diastole all 4 chambers relax at the same time and the ventricles
fill in preparation for contraction
• Systole refers to the events in a heart during contraction of the Atria and ventricles. 8 real systole
occurs 1st at the end of diastole followed by ventricular systole.
• the right side of the heart is made up of the right atrium in the right ventricle an it distributes venous
blood
deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery for oxygenation
• the right atrium receives the venous blood returning to the heart from the superior vena cava head
neck upper extremities. Inferior vena cava trunk and lower extremities and coronary sinus coronary
circulation
• the left side of the heart is composed of the left atrium and left ventricle distributes oxygenated
blood to the body via the aorta systemic circulation the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from
the pulmonary circulation via for pulmonary veins.
• The Right and left ventricles must overcome resistance of blood flow from the pulmonary and systemic
circulatory systems. the left ventricle is 2 to 3 times more muscular than the right ventricle it must
overcome high aortic in arterial pressures where the right ventricle contracts and low-pressure system.
• The apical pulse is the point of maximum impulse PMI
• 2 types of valves are atrioventricular AV or semi lunar
1. Atrial ventricular valves separate the Atria from the ventricles the tricuspid valve has 3 leaflets
and separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. unlike the mitral or bicuspid valve has
2 leaflets that separate the left atrium from the left ventricle.
2. Contraction of the popular muscles cause chordae tendineae to become taut keeping it closed.
3. The semi lunar valve the pulmonic valve between right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and
the
aortic valve is left ventricle and aorta
• Myocytes are in the myocardium muscular layer Atrial and ventricular walls
• Cardiac conduction system:
• 3 physiological characteristics of two types of specialized electrical cells the nodal cells and
Purkinje cells provide these synchronizations:
» Automaticity: ability to initiate an electrical impulse
» Excitability: ability to respond to an electrical impulse
» Conductivity: ability to transmit an electrical impulse
• The SA node Sinoatrial is the pacemaker of the heart (60 to 100 impulses per minute)
• The AV node Atrioventricular is the secondary pacemaker of the heart
• Electrical impulses are initiated through myocardial cells of the Atria via specialized tracks called
internodal pathways
• SA -7 AV -7 Bundle of His -7 Right/ Left Bundle Branch -7Purkinje
Basic Adult Health Care (Keiser University)
, Chapter 25
• The way in size of the heart are influenced by age, gender, body weight, extent of physical exercise
and conditioning, and heart disease
• The heart is in case in a thin fibrous SAC called the Pericardium meanwhile the three layers of the heart
are:
1. endocardium consists of endothelial tissue and the inside of the heart in valves.
2. myocardium is the muscle fibers and responsible for pumping action
3. epicardium is external layer of the heart
• The Top 2 chambers are called the Atria
• the bottom 2 chambers are called ventricles
• the relaxation phase is called diastole all 4 chambers relax at the same time and the ventricles
fill in preparation for contraction
• Systole refers to the events in a heart during contraction of the Atria and ventricles. 8 real systole
occurs 1st at the end of diastole followed by ventricular systole.
• the right side of the heart is made up of the right atrium in the right ventricle an it distributes venous
blood
deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery for oxygenation
• the right atrium receives the venous blood returning to the heart from the superior vena cava head
neck upper extremities. Inferior vena cava trunk and lower extremities and coronary sinus coronary
circulation
• the left side of the heart is composed of the left atrium and left ventricle distributes oxygenated
blood to the body via the aorta systemic circulation the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from
the pulmonary circulation via for pulmonary veins.
• The Right and left ventricles must overcome resistance of blood flow from the pulmonary and systemic
circulatory systems. the left ventricle is 2 to 3 times more muscular than the right ventricle it must
overcome high aortic in arterial pressures where the right ventricle contracts and low-pressure system.
• The apical pulse is the point of maximum impulse PMI
• 2 types of valves are atrioventricular AV or semi lunar
1. Atrial ventricular valves separate the Atria from the ventricles the tricuspid valve has 3 leaflets
and separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. unlike the mitral or bicuspid valve has
2 leaflets that separate the left atrium from the left ventricle.
2. Contraction of the popular muscles cause chordae tendineae to become taut keeping it closed.
3. The semi lunar valve the pulmonic valve between right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and
the
aortic valve is left ventricle and aorta
• Myocytes are in the myocardium muscular layer Atrial and ventricular walls
• Cardiac conduction system:
• 3 physiological characteristics of two types of specialized electrical cells the nodal cells and
Purkinje cells provide these synchronizations:
» Automaticity: ability to initiate an electrical impulse
» Excitability: ability to respond to an electrical impulse
» Conductivity: ability to transmit an electrical impulse
• The SA node Sinoatrial is the pacemaker of the heart (60 to 100 impulses per minute)
• The AV node Atrioventricular is the secondary pacemaker of the heart
• Electrical impulses are initiated through myocardial cells of the Atria via specialized tracks called
internodal pathways
• SA -7 AV -7 Bundle of His -7 Right/ Left Bundle Branch -7Purkinje
