Straighterline Biology StudyGuide Exam a

Straighterline Biology Study Guide Exam a Biology Exam Preparation Which of these is NOT associated with a roundworm infection? a. hookworm b. trichinosis c. elephantiasis d. tapeworm e. pinworm Fertilization in the earthworm is accomplished by the use of the a. nephridia. b. clitellum. c. flame cells. d. trachea. e. typhlosole. Sea stars and sea urchins operate their tube feet by a. a hydraulic system that regulates water pressure. b. cilia transporting hemolymph from chamber to chamber. c. sticky threads leading from the mouth. d. actin and myosin fibers that slide and give muscle actions to the five arms or "rays." e. an extensive net of nerve and muscle cells. Which statement about sponges is NOT correct? a. The larval form is flagellated and able to swim to a suitable location. b. Sponges are classified on the basis of their type of skeletal material. c. Sponges resemble a colony of flagellated cells more than a multicellular animal. d. Sponges are thought to be at the base of the evolutionary tree, leading to more complex animals such as corals and worms. e. Sponges can reproduce sexually or asexually. What system do the cnidaria have that sponges lack? a. respiratory b. nervous c. circulatory d. excretory e. reproductive Which pair exhibits the closest relationship? a. spider—tick b. housefly—mite c. earthworm—grasshopper d. crayfish—planarian e. scorpion—clam Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the flatworms? a. There are three complete tissue layers. b. Flatworms may be either free living or parasitic. c. Flatworms have a sac body plan, with only a mouth and no anus. d. Parasitic flatworms have a well-developed head with eyespots and nerves concentrated into a brain. e. Most planaria are found in marine environments, but some dwell in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments. Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT correct? a. Sponges have no nerve fibers. b. Sponges have no fully developed muscle fibers. c. Amoeboid cells capture food particles from the water. d. Sponges may reproduce asexually by budding or by regeneration from a small piece. e. Cells of a single sponge will recognize others of the same kind and reaggregate if the cells are separated and allowed to reassociate. A floating Portuguese man-of-war is a. a cubozoan. b. merely an inflated, noncircular jellyfish. c. a free-swimming polyp in the hydra group. d. the first animal with complete organ systems. e. a colony of polyps composed of different types of individuals. Earthworms possess both male and female organs on separate segments; thus, mating consists of "parallel parking" in opposite directions and cross-fertilizing. Given this, which of the following is(are) true? a. This is evidence of a primitive state that is generally less efficient than separate sexes. b. This is primarily to allow them to self-fertilize if no other worm is in their sector of the soil. c. This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter. d. Maintaining any system not clearly male or female is disadvantageous; the earthworm is trapped in an evolutionary dead end. e. This demonstrates the how ineffective self-fertilization is as a means of reproduction. Both corals and calcareous sponges have calcium carbonate structures. What is the relationship between these two groups? a. The calcareous sponges were ancestors of the corals. b. The corals were ancestors of the calcareous sponges. c. Both use the calcium carbonate to form a rock-like or crusty basal skeletal structure. d. The corals are actually colonial forms of the independent calcareous sponges. e. The sponges use calcium carbonate to form sharp spicules, while the corals independently use the same material to form a skeleton. If the water vascular system of the echinoderm was eliminated, which echinoderm function would not exist anymore? a. locomotion b. respiration c. circulation d. digestion e. sensing the environment Planaria feed by a. attaching with a sucker(s) and extracting blood. b. tearing and sucking food particles via a muscular pharynx. c. slurping food particles through a mouth and excreting waste via an anus. d. soaking all nutrients from the environment through its thin epidermal surface. e. grabbing food with tentacles and pulling them into a ventrally located mouth. Tapeworms are specialized for parasitism by an excessive development of which system? a. muscular b. reproductive c. excretory d. circulatory e. digestive Sponges are filter feeders and are usually a. active predators. b. sessile or relatively inactive. c. always herbivorous. d. squids. e. snails. The life cycle of animals a. demonstrates alternation of generations, where the zygote is haploid and the adult is diploid. b. does not demonstrate alternation of generations. Both the zygote and the adult are haploid. c. demonstrates alternation of generations, where the zygote is diploid and the adult is haploid. d. does not demonstrate alternation of generations because only the spores are haploid. e. does not demonstrate alternation of generations; gametes are haploid and the organism is diploid. Which statement is NOT true about echinoderms? a. The exoskeleton is made up of bony tissue. b. Gas exchange occurs through gills on the skin. c. Larvae are free-swimming and bilaterally symmetrical. d. A water vascular system allows the tube feet to produce suction. e. Symmetry is radial in the adult, usually with parts in fives or multiples of five. Which type of animal symmetry produces mirror images of each other no matter how the animal is sliced longitudinally? a. radial symmetry b. asymmetrical symmetry c. bilateral symmetry d. asymmetrical symmetry and bilateral symmetry e. None of the answer choices is correct. Which of the following is generally NOT a characteristic of all animals? a. They ingest food that is digested in a central cavity. b. Usually undergo sexual reproduction. c. They produce an embryo that undergoes development in stages. d. Animals range from unspecialized single-celled to specialized multicellular forms. e. The adult form is diploid. Which of the following is NOT true about protostomes? a. They are types of advanced invertebrates. b. They form a true coelom. c. The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus. d. They will become mollusks, annelids, and arthropods. e. They are more advanced than acoelomates, but not as advanced as deuterostomes. Which of the following is NOT an echinoderm? a. sea star b. sea urchin c. sea cucumber d. sand dollar e. crayfish Which of the following would not show the five characteristics typically found in animals? a. sponges, which have no true tissues but have two layers of cells that perform different functions b. planaria, who have an incomplete digestive tract but do have muscles and excretory and reproductive systems c. trypanosome, a single-celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans d. leeches, segmented worms that are predatory on other animals e. tapeworms, flatworms that infest the intestines of humans Which statement is NOT true about invertebrate animals? a. The vast majority of animal species are invertebrates. b. Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment. c. Most animal phyla are invertebrates. d. All major invertebrate groups arose from protistan ancestors. e. Invertebrates lack a nervous system. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of echinoderms? a. adult is radially symmetrical b. locomotion by muscles c. endoskeleton of spiny, calcium-rich plates d. larva is bilaterally symmetrical e. both sexual and asexual reproduction Which difference distinguishes protostomes from deuterostomes? a. One has a nervous system, and one doesn't. b. Their embryonic development is different. c. One has a circulatory system and one doesn't. d. One has cephalization and one doesn't. e. One has a notochord and one doesn't.