Karch Focus on Nursing Pharmacology
Chapter 2
Absorption - correct answer what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body
until it enters the circulating fluid; intravenous administration causes the drug to directly
enter the circulating blood, bypassing the many complications of absorption from other
routes
Active Transport - correct answer the movement of substances across a cell membrane
against the concentration gradient; this process requires the use of energy
biotransformation
Chemotherapeutic Agents - correct answer synthetic chemicals used to interfere with
the functioning of foreign cell populations; this term is frequently used to refer to the
drug therapy of neoplasms, but it also refers to drug therapy affecting any foreign cell
Critical Concentration - correct answer the concentration a drug must reach in the
tissues that respond to the particular drug to cause the desired effect
Distribution - correct answer the movement of a drug to body tissues; the places where
a drug may be distributed depend on the drugs solubility, perfusion of the area, cardiac
output, and binding of the site to plasma proteins
Enzyme Induction - correct answer process by which the presence of a chemical that is
biotransformed by a particular enzyme system in the liver causes increased activity of
that enzyme system
Excretion - correct answer removal of a drug by the body; primarily occurs in the
kidneys, but can also occur in the kidneys, skin, lungs, bile or feces
First Pass Effect - correct answer a phenomenon of which drugs given orally are carried
directly to the liver after absorption, where they may be largely inactivated by liver
enzymes before they can enter the general circulation; oral drugs frequently are given in
higher doses than drugs given in other routes because of this early breakdown
Glomerular Filtration - correct answer the passage of water and water soluble
components from the plasma into the renal tubule
Half-Life - correct answer the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to
decrease to one half of the peak level it previously achieved
Hepatic Microsomal System - correct answer liver enzymes tightly packed together in
the hepatic intracellular structure, responsible for the biotransformation of chemicals,
including drugs
Loading Dose - correct answer use of a higher dose than that which is usually used for
tx to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner
Chapter 2
Absorption - correct answer what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body
until it enters the circulating fluid; intravenous administration causes the drug to directly
enter the circulating blood, bypassing the many complications of absorption from other
routes
Active Transport - correct answer the movement of substances across a cell membrane
against the concentration gradient; this process requires the use of energy
biotransformation
Chemotherapeutic Agents - correct answer synthetic chemicals used to interfere with
the functioning of foreign cell populations; this term is frequently used to refer to the
drug therapy of neoplasms, but it also refers to drug therapy affecting any foreign cell
Critical Concentration - correct answer the concentration a drug must reach in the
tissues that respond to the particular drug to cause the desired effect
Distribution - correct answer the movement of a drug to body tissues; the places where
a drug may be distributed depend on the drugs solubility, perfusion of the area, cardiac
output, and binding of the site to plasma proteins
Enzyme Induction - correct answer process by which the presence of a chemical that is
biotransformed by a particular enzyme system in the liver causes increased activity of
that enzyme system
Excretion - correct answer removal of a drug by the body; primarily occurs in the
kidneys, but can also occur in the kidneys, skin, lungs, bile or feces
First Pass Effect - correct answer a phenomenon of which drugs given orally are carried
directly to the liver after absorption, where they may be largely inactivated by liver
enzymes before they can enter the general circulation; oral drugs frequently are given in
higher doses than drugs given in other routes because of this early breakdown
Glomerular Filtration - correct answer the passage of water and water soluble
components from the plasma into the renal tubule
Half-Life - correct answer the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to
decrease to one half of the peak level it previously achieved
Hepatic Microsomal System - correct answer liver enzymes tightly packed together in
the hepatic intracellular structure, responsible for the biotransformation of chemicals,
including drugs
Loading Dose - correct answer use of a higher dose than that which is usually used for
tx to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner
