Module 3: Problem Set
Due No due date Points 5 Questions 39 Time Limit None
Attempt History
Attempt Time Score
LATEST Attempt 1 4,343 minutes 0 out of 5 *
* Some questions not yet graded
Score for this quiz: 0 out of 5 *
Submitted Jun 13 at 9:18pm
This attempt took 4,343 minutes.
Question 1 Not yet graded / 0 pts
What is innate immunity?
Your Answer:
also called natural immunity, it is the first line of defense.
Innate immunity, also called natural immunity, is the first line of defense. This type of defense is in place before an infection
takes place and can function immediately. It is comprised of physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular defenses.
Question 2 Not yet graded / 0 pts
How does the skin act as a physical barrier?
Your Answer:
skin cells are tightly packed together, are covered with keratin which makes an acidic environment for microbes. skin also contains
antimicrobial proteins and lysosomes that inhibit microbes and help destroy them.
The skin’s design makes it a strong physical barrier. It has closely packed cells in multiple layers that are continuously
being shed. Keratin covers the skin, which creates a salty, acidic environment inhospitable to microbes. It also contains
antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes that inhibit microorganisms and help to destroy them.
Question 3 Not yet graded / 0 pts
What cells are involved in innate immunity?
Your Answer:
neutrophils, DC, macrophages, natural killer cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes.
The cells responsible for this response include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), natural killer (NK) cells, and
intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Question 4 Not yet graded / 0 pts
Describe each type of leukocyte and explain their function:
Your Answer:
granulocytes are leukocytes that contain granules and include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
, Agranulocytes are leukocytes that lack granules and includes monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes
Neutrophils- are the most abundant cell in the body, making up 55% of all WBCs. they are an early responder in innate immunity and use
phagocytosis to kill microbes.
Eosinophils- make up 1-4% and become active in parasitic infections and allergic responses.
Basophils make up less than 1% and they release histamine and proteolytic enzymes. they are believed to play a toe in allergic and
parasitic infections as well.
monocytes- are the largest in size of the WBCs but make up only 3-7% of the total leukocyte count. they are released from the bone
marrow and mature into macrophages and dendritic cells where they engage in the inflammatory response and phagocytize foreign
substances and cellular debris
Macrophages- have a longer life span, reside in the tissues and are the first phagocyte that organisms encounter. Neutrophils and
macrophages work together on behalf of the hosts initial defense system.
Neutrophils are the most abundant in the body and are an early responder in innate immunity and use phagocytosis to kill
microbes. Eosinophils are active in parasitic infections and allergic responses. Basophils release histamine and proteolytic
enzymes. Monocytes are the largest in size and are released from the bone marrow and mature into macrophages and
dendritic cells where they engage in the inflammatory response and phagocytize foreign substances and cellular debris.
Macrophages have a long life span, reside in the tissues, and are the first phagocyte that organisms encounter. Neutrophils
and macrophages work together on behalf of the host’s initial defense system.
Question 5 Not yet graded / 0 pts
Describe adaptive immunity:
Your Answer:
also called acquired immunity, is the second line of defense. it is initiated in response to cell specific substances known as antigens.
Adaptive immunity, also called acquired immunity, is the second line of defense and includes both humoral and cellular
mechanisms that respond to cell-specific substances known as antigens. Adaptive immunity is acquired through previous
exposure to infections and other foreign agents. It can not only distinguish self from nonself but can recognize and destroy
specific foreign agents based on their different antigenic properties. This response takes more time but is extremely
effective.
Question 6 Not yet graded / 0 pts
What are antigens?
Your Answer:
antigens are foreign substances that elicit an adaptive immune response when present in the body.
Antigens are present on the surface of pathogens or other foreign substances that elicit the adaptive immune response.
Question 7 Not yet graded / 0 pts
What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity?
Your Answer:
lymphocytes
The primary cells of the adaptive immune system are the lymphocytes, APCs (antigen presenting cells), and effector cells.
Due No due date Points 5 Questions 39 Time Limit None
Attempt History
Attempt Time Score
LATEST Attempt 1 4,343 minutes 0 out of 5 *
* Some questions not yet graded
Score for this quiz: 0 out of 5 *
Submitted Jun 13 at 9:18pm
This attempt took 4,343 minutes.
Question 1 Not yet graded / 0 pts
What is innate immunity?
Your Answer:
also called natural immunity, it is the first line of defense.
Innate immunity, also called natural immunity, is the first line of defense. This type of defense is in place before an infection
takes place and can function immediately. It is comprised of physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular defenses.
Question 2 Not yet graded / 0 pts
How does the skin act as a physical barrier?
Your Answer:
skin cells are tightly packed together, are covered with keratin which makes an acidic environment for microbes. skin also contains
antimicrobial proteins and lysosomes that inhibit microbes and help destroy them.
The skin’s design makes it a strong physical barrier. It has closely packed cells in multiple layers that are continuously
being shed. Keratin covers the skin, which creates a salty, acidic environment inhospitable to microbes. It also contains
antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes that inhibit microorganisms and help to destroy them.
Question 3 Not yet graded / 0 pts
What cells are involved in innate immunity?
Your Answer:
neutrophils, DC, macrophages, natural killer cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes.
The cells responsible for this response include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), natural killer (NK) cells, and
intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Question 4 Not yet graded / 0 pts
Describe each type of leukocyte and explain their function:
Your Answer:
granulocytes are leukocytes that contain granules and include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
, Agranulocytes are leukocytes that lack granules and includes monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes
Neutrophils- are the most abundant cell in the body, making up 55% of all WBCs. they are an early responder in innate immunity and use
phagocytosis to kill microbes.
Eosinophils- make up 1-4% and become active in parasitic infections and allergic responses.
Basophils make up less than 1% and they release histamine and proteolytic enzymes. they are believed to play a toe in allergic and
parasitic infections as well.
monocytes- are the largest in size of the WBCs but make up only 3-7% of the total leukocyte count. they are released from the bone
marrow and mature into macrophages and dendritic cells where they engage in the inflammatory response and phagocytize foreign
substances and cellular debris
Macrophages- have a longer life span, reside in the tissues and are the first phagocyte that organisms encounter. Neutrophils and
macrophages work together on behalf of the hosts initial defense system.
Neutrophils are the most abundant in the body and are an early responder in innate immunity and use phagocytosis to kill
microbes. Eosinophils are active in parasitic infections and allergic responses. Basophils release histamine and proteolytic
enzymes. Monocytes are the largest in size and are released from the bone marrow and mature into macrophages and
dendritic cells where they engage in the inflammatory response and phagocytize foreign substances and cellular debris.
Macrophages have a long life span, reside in the tissues, and are the first phagocyte that organisms encounter. Neutrophils
and macrophages work together on behalf of the host’s initial defense system.
Question 5 Not yet graded / 0 pts
Describe adaptive immunity:
Your Answer:
also called acquired immunity, is the second line of defense. it is initiated in response to cell specific substances known as antigens.
Adaptive immunity, also called acquired immunity, is the second line of defense and includes both humoral and cellular
mechanisms that respond to cell-specific substances known as antigens. Adaptive immunity is acquired through previous
exposure to infections and other foreign agents. It can not only distinguish self from nonself but can recognize and destroy
specific foreign agents based on their different antigenic properties. This response takes more time but is extremely
effective.
Question 6 Not yet graded / 0 pts
What are antigens?
Your Answer:
antigens are foreign substances that elicit an adaptive immune response when present in the body.
Antigens are present on the surface of pathogens or other foreign substances that elicit the adaptive immune response.
Question 7 Not yet graded / 0 pts
What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity?
Your Answer:
lymphocytes
The primary cells of the adaptive immune system are the lymphocytes, APCs (antigen presenting cells), and effector cells.
