NR 442 - Exam 1
Community - answer - a group of people who share something in common and interact
with one another, who may exhibit a commitment with one another and may share a
geographic boundary
- PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
Public Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice - answer - Community
- Individual
- System
System/group Level of Practice Example - answer community health nurse working with
the state health department and federal vaccine program to coordinate a response to an
outbreak of measles in a migrant population.
Community/Population Level of Practice Example - answer public health nurses working
with area high schools to give each student a profile of his or her health to promote
nutritional and physical activity lifestyle changes to improve the student's health.
Individual Level of Practice Example - answer nurse receives a referral to care for an
individual with a diagnosed mental illness who would require regular monitoring of his
medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization
Core Functions of Public Health - answer - assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
Primary Prevention - answer - prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
Secondary Prevention - answer - early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
Tertiary Prevention - answer - correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease
state
- teaching insulin administration at home
What is the main focus of Public Health? - answer PREVENTION
What is the main focus of Medicine? - answer disease management and diagnosis
Childhood Obesity - answer - focus on a healthier lifestyle
- reduce the rate the childhood obesity
- education
What causes more than half of Premature Deaths? - answer behavior and environment
reasons
, NR 442 - Exam 1
What has the greatest influence on Community Health? - answer behavioral choices
What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle? - answer - agent
- host
- environment
Epidemiology Triangle - answer - depends on the extent of the host's exposure to an
agent, the strength or virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or immunological
susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure
Web of Causation - answer illustrates the complexity of relationships among causal
variables
Incidence Rate - answer describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition
in a community over a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk for that
disease or condition during that same time period.
Prevalence Rate - answer the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a
population at a given point in time relative to the population at the same point in time
Endemic - answer Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds and
pneumonia)
Epidemic - answer Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare up on
occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles)
Pandemic - answer The existence of disease in a large proportion of the population: a
global epidemic (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome, and annual outbreaks of influenza type A)
Chronic vs Acute (prevalence) - answer chronic always has a higher prevalence than
acute disease
Passive Immunity - answer - natural contact with antibody
- hep a --) immunoglobin
- through blood or plasma
EXAMPLE: Infant born with temporary antibodies to measles. Temporary or through
colostrum and breast milk
Active Immunity - answer - Natural contact and infection with the antigen
- acquiring measles
Leading Cause of Preventable Death - answer - smoking
- alcohol
Community - answer - a group of people who share something in common and interact
with one another, who may exhibit a commitment with one another and may share a
geographic boundary
- PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
Public Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice - answer - Community
- Individual
- System
System/group Level of Practice Example - answer community health nurse working with
the state health department and federal vaccine program to coordinate a response to an
outbreak of measles in a migrant population.
Community/Population Level of Practice Example - answer public health nurses working
with area high schools to give each student a profile of his or her health to promote
nutritional and physical activity lifestyle changes to improve the student's health.
Individual Level of Practice Example - answer nurse receives a referral to care for an
individual with a diagnosed mental illness who would require regular monitoring of his
medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization
Core Functions of Public Health - answer - assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
Primary Prevention - answer - prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
Secondary Prevention - answer - early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
Tertiary Prevention - answer - correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease
state
- teaching insulin administration at home
What is the main focus of Public Health? - answer PREVENTION
What is the main focus of Medicine? - answer disease management and diagnosis
Childhood Obesity - answer - focus on a healthier lifestyle
- reduce the rate the childhood obesity
- education
What causes more than half of Premature Deaths? - answer behavior and environment
reasons
, NR 442 - Exam 1
What has the greatest influence on Community Health? - answer behavioral choices
What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle? - answer - agent
- host
- environment
Epidemiology Triangle - answer - depends on the extent of the host's exposure to an
agent, the strength or virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or immunological
susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure
Web of Causation - answer illustrates the complexity of relationships among causal
variables
Incidence Rate - answer describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition
in a community over a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk for that
disease or condition during that same time period.
Prevalence Rate - answer the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a
population at a given point in time relative to the population at the same point in time
Endemic - answer Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds and
pneumonia)
Epidemic - answer Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare up on
occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles)
Pandemic - answer The existence of disease in a large proportion of the population: a
global epidemic (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome, and annual outbreaks of influenza type A)
Chronic vs Acute (prevalence) - answer chronic always has a higher prevalence than
acute disease
Passive Immunity - answer - natural contact with antibody
- hep a --) immunoglobin
- through blood or plasma
EXAMPLE: Infant born with temporary antibodies to measles. Temporary or through
colostrum and breast milk
Active Immunity - answer - Natural contact and infection with the antigen
- acquiring measles
Leading Cause of Preventable Death - answer - smoking
- alcohol
