nutritio
NUTRITION CHAPT 5 , 6, 11, 12
lipids ANSWERS:---a diverse group of organic substances that are insoluble in water;
lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols
triglyceride ANSWERS:---a molecule consisting of three fatty acids attached to a three-
carbon glycerol backbone
fatty acids ANSWERS:---long chains of carbon atoms bound to each other as well as to
hydrogen atoms
glycerol ANSWERS:---an alcohol composed of three carbon atoms; it is the backbone of
a triglyceride molecule
saturated fatty acids (SFAs) ANSWERS:---fatty acids that have no carbons joined
together with a double bond; these types of fatty acids are generally solid at room
temperature
monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) ANSWERS:---fatty acids that have two carbons
in the chain bound to each other with one double bond; these types of fatty acids are
generally liquid at room temperature
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ANSWERS:---fatty acids that have more than one
double bond in the chain; these types of fatty acids are generally liquid at room
temperature
hydrogenation ANSWERS:---the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids,
making them more saturated and thereby more solid at room temperature
essential fatty acids (EFAs) ANSWERS:---fatty acids that must be consumed in the diet
because they cannot be made by our bodies; the two essential fatty acids are linoleic acid
and alpha-linoleic acid
linoleic acid ANSWERS:---an essential fatty acid found in vegetable and nut oils; also
known as omega-6 fatty acid
alpha-linoleic acid ANSWERS:---an essential fatty acid found in leafy green vegetables,
flaxseed oil, soy oil, fish oil, and fish products; an omega-3 fatty acid
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ANSWERS:---a metabolic derivative of alpha-linoleic acid
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ANSWERS:---another metabolic derivative of alpha-
linoleic acid; together with EPA, it appears to reduce our risk for a heart attack
,phospholipids ANSWERS:---a type of lipid in which a fatty acid is combined with
another compound that contains phosphate; unlike other lipids, phospholipids are soluble
in water
sterols ANSWERS:---a type of lipid found in foods and the body that has a ring
structure; cholesterol is the most common sterol that occurs in our diets
lipoprotein ANSWERS:---a spherical compound in which fat clusters in the center and
phospholipids and proteins form the outside of the sphere
chylomicron ANSWERS:---a lipoprotein produced in the mucosal cell of the intestine;
transports dietary fat out of the intestinal tract
lipoprotein lipase ANSWERS:---an enzyme that sits on the outside of cells and breaks
apart triglycerides, so that their fatty acids can be removed and taken up by the cell
visible fats ANSWERS:---fat we can see in our foods or see added to foods, such as
butter, margarine, cream, shortening, salad dressings, chicken skin, and untrimmed fat on
meat
hidden fats ANSWERS:---fats that are hidden in foods, such as the fats found in baked
goods, regular-fat dairy products, marbling in meat, and fried foods
cardiovascular disease ANSWERS:---a general term that refers to abnormal conditions
involving dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels; cardiovascular disease can result in
heart attack or stroke
atherosclerosis ANSWERS:---a condition characterized by accumulation of deposits in
lipids and scar tissue on artery walls; these deposits build up to such a degree that they
impair blood flow
very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) ANSWERS:---a lipoprotein made in the liver and
intestine that functions to transport endogenous lipids, especially triglycerides, to the
tissues of the body
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ANSWERS:---a lipoprotein formed in the blood from
VLDLs that transports cholesterol to the cells of the body; often called the "bad
cholesterol"
high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ANSWERS:---a lipoprotein made in the liver and
released into the blood; HDLs function to transport cholesterol from the tissues back to
the liver; often called the "good cholesterol"
DASH diet ANSWERS:---the diet developed in response to research into hypertension
funded by the National Institutes of Health: DASH stands for "Dietary Approaches to
Stop Hypertension"
,Lipids ANSWERS: ---...
Triglycerides ANSWERS: ---...
Fatty acids ANSWERS: ---long chains of carbon atoms bound to each other as well as to
hydrogen atoms
Glycerol ANSWERS: ---An alcohol composed of three carbon atoms; it is the backbone
of a triglyceride molecule
Saturated fatty acids (SFA's) ANSWERS: ---Fatty acids that have no carbons joined
together with a double bond these types of fatty acids are generally solid at room
tempeture.
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA's) ANSWERS: ---Fatty acids that have two carbons
in the chain bond to each other with one double bond these types of fatty acids are
generally liquid at room tempeture.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA's) ANSWERS: ---Fatty acids that have more than one
double bond in the chain, these types of fatty acids are generally liquid at room
tempeture.
Trans fatty acids ANSWERS: ---fatty acids with hydrogens on opposite sides of the
double bond.(hydrogenation)
Cis fatty acids ANSWERS: ---The hydrogens are on the same side of the double bond
and cause a kink in the carbon chain
Essential fatty acids (EFA's) ANSWERS: ---Fatty acids that must be consumed in the diet
because they can not be made by the body. the two EFA's are linoleic acid and alpha
linoleic acid .
Hydrogenation ANSWERS: ---the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids
to make fat more solid and resistant to the chemical change of oxidation
Linoleic acid ANSWERS: ---an essential fatty acid found in vegetable and nut oils; also
known as omega-6 fatty acid
Alpha-linolenic acid ANSWERS: ---An essential fatty acid found in leafy green
vegetables, flaxseed oil, soy oil, fish oil, and fish products; an omega-3 fatty acid.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ANSWERS: ---A metabolic derivative of alpha-linolenic
acid.
, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ANSWERS: ---A metabolic derivative of alpha-linolenic
acid; together with EPA, it appears to reduce the risk of heart disease.
Phospholipids ANSWERS: ---...
Sterols ANSWERS: ---A type of lipid found in foods and the body that has a ring
structure; cholesterol is the most common sterol that occurs in our diets.
Cholesterol ANSWERS: ---...
Lipoprotein ANSWERS: ---a spherical compound in which fat clusters in the center and
phospholipids and proteins form the outside of the sphere
Chylomicron ANSWERS: ---a lipoprotein produced in the mucosal cell of the intestine;
transports dietary fat out of the intestinal tract
Lipoprotein lipase ANSWERS: ---An enzyme that sits on the outside of cells and breaks
apart triglycerides so that their fatty acids can be removed and taken up by the cell.
Olestra ANSWERS: ---fat substitute caused gastrointestinal side effects. (Olean)
Chitosan ANSWERS: ----claim: blocks absorption of dietary fat
-insufficient evidence
-possibly safe in many weight loss supplements
Proteins ANSWERS---large, complex molecules composed of amino acids; contain
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Essential Amino Acids ANSWERS---cannot be produced by our bodies; must be obtained
from food; nine of 20 are essential
Nonessential Amino Acids ANSWERS---amino acids that can be made by our bodies
Transcription ANSWERS---use of the genetic information in DNA to make RNA; mRNA
copies the genetic information and carries it to the ribosome
Translation ANSWERS---conversion of genetic information in RNA to assemble amino
acids in the proper sequence to synthesis a protein on the ribosome
4 levels of protein structure ANSWERS---primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
Primary structure of a protein ANSWERS---sequential order of amino acids
Secondary structure of a protein ANSWERS---spiral shape due to chemical bonding
between the amino acids
NUTRITION CHAPT 5 , 6, 11, 12
lipids ANSWERS:---a diverse group of organic substances that are insoluble in water;
lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols
triglyceride ANSWERS:---a molecule consisting of three fatty acids attached to a three-
carbon glycerol backbone
fatty acids ANSWERS:---long chains of carbon atoms bound to each other as well as to
hydrogen atoms
glycerol ANSWERS:---an alcohol composed of three carbon atoms; it is the backbone of
a triglyceride molecule
saturated fatty acids (SFAs) ANSWERS:---fatty acids that have no carbons joined
together with a double bond; these types of fatty acids are generally solid at room
temperature
monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) ANSWERS:---fatty acids that have two carbons
in the chain bound to each other with one double bond; these types of fatty acids are
generally liquid at room temperature
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ANSWERS:---fatty acids that have more than one
double bond in the chain; these types of fatty acids are generally liquid at room
temperature
hydrogenation ANSWERS:---the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids,
making them more saturated and thereby more solid at room temperature
essential fatty acids (EFAs) ANSWERS:---fatty acids that must be consumed in the diet
because they cannot be made by our bodies; the two essential fatty acids are linoleic acid
and alpha-linoleic acid
linoleic acid ANSWERS:---an essential fatty acid found in vegetable and nut oils; also
known as omega-6 fatty acid
alpha-linoleic acid ANSWERS:---an essential fatty acid found in leafy green vegetables,
flaxseed oil, soy oil, fish oil, and fish products; an omega-3 fatty acid
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ANSWERS:---a metabolic derivative of alpha-linoleic acid
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ANSWERS:---another metabolic derivative of alpha-
linoleic acid; together with EPA, it appears to reduce our risk for a heart attack
,phospholipids ANSWERS:---a type of lipid in which a fatty acid is combined with
another compound that contains phosphate; unlike other lipids, phospholipids are soluble
in water
sterols ANSWERS:---a type of lipid found in foods and the body that has a ring
structure; cholesterol is the most common sterol that occurs in our diets
lipoprotein ANSWERS:---a spherical compound in which fat clusters in the center and
phospholipids and proteins form the outside of the sphere
chylomicron ANSWERS:---a lipoprotein produced in the mucosal cell of the intestine;
transports dietary fat out of the intestinal tract
lipoprotein lipase ANSWERS:---an enzyme that sits on the outside of cells and breaks
apart triglycerides, so that their fatty acids can be removed and taken up by the cell
visible fats ANSWERS:---fat we can see in our foods or see added to foods, such as
butter, margarine, cream, shortening, salad dressings, chicken skin, and untrimmed fat on
meat
hidden fats ANSWERS:---fats that are hidden in foods, such as the fats found in baked
goods, regular-fat dairy products, marbling in meat, and fried foods
cardiovascular disease ANSWERS:---a general term that refers to abnormal conditions
involving dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels; cardiovascular disease can result in
heart attack or stroke
atherosclerosis ANSWERS:---a condition characterized by accumulation of deposits in
lipids and scar tissue on artery walls; these deposits build up to such a degree that they
impair blood flow
very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) ANSWERS:---a lipoprotein made in the liver and
intestine that functions to transport endogenous lipids, especially triglycerides, to the
tissues of the body
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ANSWERS:---a lipoprotein formed in the blood from
VLDLs that transports cholesterol to the cells of the body; often called the "bad
cholesterol"
high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ANSWERS:---a lipoprotein made in the liver and
released into the blood; HDLs function to transport cholesterol from the tissues back to
the liver; often called the "good cholesterol"
DASH diet ANSWERS:---the diet developed in response to research into hypertension
funded by the National Institutes of Health: DASH stands for "Dietary Approaches to
Stop Hypertension"
,Lipids ANSWERS: ---...
Triglycerides ANSWERS: ---...
Fatty acids ANSWERS: ---long chains of carbon atoms bound to each other as well as to
hydrogen atoms
Glycerol ANSWERS: ---An alcohol composed of three carbon atoms; it is the backbone
of a triglyceride molecule
Saturated fatty acids (SFA's) ANSWERS: ---Fatty acids that have no carbons joined
together with a double bond these types of fatty acids are generally solid at room
tempeture.
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA's) ANSWERS: ---Fatty acids that have two carbons
in the chain bond to each other with one double bond these types of fatty acids are
generally liquid at room tempeture.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA's) ANSWERS: ---Fatty acids that have more than one
double bond in the chain, these types of fatty acids are generally liquid at room
tempeture.
Trans fatty acids ANSWERS: ---fatty acids with hydrogens on opposite sides of the
double bond.(hydrogenation)
Cis fatty acids ANSWERS: ---The hydrogens are on the same side of the double bond
and cause a kink in the carbon chain
Essential fatty acids (EFA's) ANSWERS: ---Fatty acids that must be consumed in the diet
because they can not be made by the body. the two EFA's are linoleic acid and alpha
linoleic acid .
Hydrogenation ANSWERS: ---the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids
to make fat more solid and resistant to the chemical change of oxidation
Linoleic acid ANSWERS: ---an essential fatty acid found in vegetable and nut oils; also
known as omega-6 fatty acid
Alpha-linolenic acid ANSWERS: ---An essential fatty acid found in leafy green
vegetables, flaxseed oil, soy oil, fish oil, and fish products; an omega-3 fatty acid.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ANSWERS: ---A metabolic derivative of alpha-linolenic
acid.
, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ANSWERS: ---A metabolic derivative of alpha-linolenic
acid; together with EPA, it appears to reduce the risk of heart disease.
Phospholipids ANSWERS: ---...
Sterols ANSWERS: ---A type of lipid found in foods and the body that has a ring
structure; cholesterol is the most common sterol that occurs in our diets.
Cholesterol ANSWERS: ---...
Lipoprotein ANSWERS: ---a spherical compound in which fat clusters in the center and
phospholipids and proteins form the outside of the sphere
Chylomicron ANSWERS: ---a lipoprotein produced in the mucosal cell of the intestine;
transports dietary fat out of the intestinal tract
Lipoprotein lipase ANSWERS: ---An enzyme that sits on the outside of cells and breaks
apart triglycerides so that their fatty acids can be removed and taken up by the cell.
Olestra ANSWERS: ---fat substitute caused gastrointestinal side effects. (Olean)
Chitosan ANSWERS: ----claim: blocks absorption of dietary fat
-insufficient evidence
-possibly safe in many weight loss supplements
Proteins ANSWERS---large, complex molecules composed of amino acids; contain
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Essential Amino Acids ANSWERS---cannot be produced by our bodies; must be obtained
from food; nine of 20 are essential
Nonessential Amino Acids ANSWERS---amino acids that can be made by our bodies
Transcription ANSWERS---use of the genetic information in DNA to make RNA; mRNA
copies the genetic information and carries it to the ribosome
Translation ANSWERS---conversion of genetic information in RNA to assemble amino
acids in the proper sequence to synthesis a protein on the ribosome
4 levels of protein structure ANSWERS---primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
Primary structure of a protein ANSWERS---sequential order of amino acids
Secondary structure of a protein ANSWERS---spiral shape due to chemical bonding
between the amino acids
