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Chapter 1: Discovering the World of Nursing
ResearchTest Bank
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
• A nurse with considerable clinical expertise develops a policy for managing
agitated patients in the emergency department. The resultant policy emanates
from
a. Abstract reasoning
b. Concrete thinking
c. Logistic reasoning
d. Reality testing
ANS: A
Abstract reasoning is oriented toward the development of an idea without
application to, or association with, a particular instance. Concrete thinking is
oriented toward and limited by tangible things or by events that are observed
and experienced in reality. Logistic reasoning is used to break a whole into parts
that can be carefully examined. Reality testing is used to validate what is
observed in the empirical world.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 7
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• A nurse with considerable clinical expertise develops a policy for managing
agitated patients in the emergency department. The type of reasoning the nurse
uses to do this is
reasoning.
a. Problematic
b. Operational
c. Logistic
d. Inductive
ANS: D
Inductive reasoning involves reasoning that moves from the specific to the
general, whereby particular instances are observed and then combined into a
larger whole or general statement. Problematic reasoning involves (1)
identifying a problem and factors influencing it, (2) selecting solutions to the
problem, and (3) resolving the problem. Operational reasoning involves the
identification of and discrimination among many alternatives and viewpoints.
Logistic reasoning is used to break the whole into parts that can be carefully
examined, as the relationships among the parts can also be.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis REF: Page 7
• What is the best explanation of intuition that forms a legitimate source of
knowledge in nursing?
a. It is based on knowledge thoroughly incorporated into thought
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but seldom articulated.
b. It is based on a gift from the universe and should be honored when it arrives.
c. It is never inaccurate.
d. It is a revisiting of old knowledge, accompanied by deep reflection.
ANS: A
Intuition is the revisiting of old knowledge accompanied by deep reflection.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 5
• Why is operational reasoning necessary for research?
a. Abstract concepts are of no use to nursing.
b. Standard interventions are obtained from operational reasoning.
c. It allows the researcher to measure the concepts studied.
d. It facilitates the researcher’s rapport with families.
ANS: C
Operational reasoning involves the identification of and discrimination among
many alternatives and viewpoints. It focuses on the process (debating
alternatives) rather than on the resolution. Nurses use operational reasoning to
develop realistic, measurable health goals.
Thus, operational reasoning takes abstract concepts and makes them focused,
concrete, and, therefore, researchable.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 6
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• Nurses with a bachelor’s degree in nursing can participate in the
implementation of evidence- based protocols in practice. This means that the
BSN nurse
a. Develops evidence-based guidelines
b. Designs research studies, on which protocols may be based
c. Evaluates and revises evidence-based protocols
d. Contributes practice wisdom when applying protocols in patient settings
e. Mentors PhD researchers in the clinical setting during protocol development
ANS: D
Nurses with a BSN degree have knowledge of the research process and skills in
reading and critically appraising studies. They assist with the implementation of
evidence-based guidelines, protocols, algorithms, and policies in practice. This
implies that nurses provide their point of view, from the clinician’s vantage,
when new protocols are being put into practice, and continue to provide
feedback, regarding the positive and negative aspects of those protocols.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 4
• Research is designed to test the idea of providing companion dogs to elders in a
major hospital, in order to determine the effect upon the elders’ level of
orientation. (The dogs’ level of orientation will not be a focus of the research.)
This type of study can do which of the following?
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