NURS 307 PEDS QUIZ 4 Study Guide

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PEDS QUIZ 4
Studyguide

Pediatrics (West Coast
University)

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QUIZ 4 STUDYGUIDE

VITAL SIGNS newborn – 18 y/o
Newborn/infant 0-30 days
o BP 65-75/40-50
o HR 110-160
o RR 30-60

Infant 30 days-1 year
o BP 75-100/40-60
o HR 100-150
o RR 30-50

Toddler 1-3 years
o BP 85-105/40-60
o HR 90-130
o RR 30-50

Preschooler 3-6 years
o BP 90-110/45-70
o HR 80-110
o RR 20-30

School age 6-12 years o
BP 100-120/60-80
o HR 70-100
o RR 18-25

Adolescents 12-20 years
o BP 110-130/60-80
o HR 55-90
o RR 12-20

Urine output 20-30 mL/hr is normal for pediatrics


o Dehydration
o Body fluid disturbance when output exceeds intake
 Fluid losses through skin, respiratory, urinary, or GI tract
o Type
 Isotonic
 Losing equal amounts of water and electrolytes (sodium) – most
common in children

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 Hypovolemic shock can happen
 Hypotonic
 Losing more electrolyte (sodium) than water
 Sodium <130
 Hypertonic
 Losing more fluid (water) than electrolytes (elevation in sodium) –
can be seen in children also
 Sodium >150
 Neuro changes (irritability, hyperreflexia, change in level of
consciousness)

o Risk factors – same as diarrhea risks
 Lack of clean water
 Lack of safe handling meat
 Lack of eating meat cooked through
 Not proper handwashing
 Not having vaccinations (2 vaccinations that prevent against GI
infection rotavirus, Hep A)
 Viral infection
 Raw food
 Antibiotics (concerned with C. diff) – antibiotics can kill good bacteria in
gut

o Clinical manifestations
 Mild
 Weight loss: 3-5% infants / 3-4% children
o Behavior
o Mucous membranes
o Anterior fontanel sunken*
o HR & BP within normal limits*
o Capillary refill greater than 2 sec*
 prolonged
o Slight thirst
o Weak distal pulses
 Moderate
 Weight loss: 6-9% infants / 6-8% children
o Capillary refill 2-4 sec*
 prolonged
o Thirst & irritability
o HR slightly increased*
o Normal to low BP*
o Mucous membranes dry
o Tears & skin turgor are decreased