Anatomy & Physiology I BSC2085C
Study Guide Answers - Week 1
Dr. Jeff Allyn
Chapter 1 – Major Themes of Anatomy
1. What is meant by the term, “placebo”? A “medication” given as a “sugar pill” in order to
assess the effectiveness of another medication.
2. Define the “double-blind method”. A scientific method used to avoid psychological bias
during medical research
3. Cells are the smallest living structure in our bodies. Groups of cells make up tissue. In what
other ways would you describe “tissue”? They can form discrete regions of an organ and
perform a specific function or functions.
4. What is the definition of evolution? A change in the genetic composition of a population
over time.
5. How is palpation different from percussion? Palpation in touch, percussion is tapping.
6. Who is known as the pioneer of cytology, the study of cells? Robert Hooke
7. Scientist will consider a hypothesis to be valid if it is falsifiable. What does that mean? It
means that we can conceive of it be proven wrong.
8. In order for scientific studies to be accurate we must understand that a person’s psychological
state or mental state be taken into account. These “effects” would be referred to as?
“Psychosomatic” effects
9. When we add all the reactions in our body that create some things (Anabolism) with all the
reactions that breakdown some things (Catabolism) we call this? Metabolism
10. Who was the inventor of the first practical compound microscope? Robert Hooke
11. What do we call the smallest unit of an organism that represents “life”? The cell
12. If we want to test a “natural remedy” for something like heartburn/reflux, we give a group
of people the natural remedy and the other group nothing. The group that was not given the
natural remedy is called? The control group
13. What is the definition of “histology”? The study of microscopic anatomy (tissues and
organs)
14. Define “auscultation”. The technique of listening to body sounds, e.g. heart, lungs.
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, 15. Define “homeostasis”. The body’s ability to maintain internal conditions in a relatively
stable way. It does not mean “perfect balance equally”. It means balance that is required by
our bodies to function at its peak.
16. A positive feedback mechanism is one that is self-amplifying, meaning once it starts the
effect continue to get greater. Would you consider lighting a single match to create a bonfire a
“positive feedback mechanism”? Yes!
17. A negative feedback mechanism is one that seeks a change and once that change has been
established the mechanism turns OFF. Our air conditioners work in this way with the help of a
thermostat. Our car engines cool off with a thermostat and engine coolant. Do you think that
our toilets work by this mechanism? Yes!
18. When we discuss levels of complexity with regard to our bodies we must always start with
the smallest structures that perform tasks and work our way up. What structure must we start
with? Organelles What structures would come after that? Cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems.
Chapter 2 – The Chemistry of Life
1. Name the trace elements in the human body. Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Flourine, Iodine,
Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Silicon, Tin, Vanadium and Zinc.
2. What is the pH of blood? 7.35 – 7.45 Is this slightly basic or acidic? Basic
3. Let’s look at the 3 typed of mixtures and analyze blood. If sodium chloride is in blood, what
type of mixture does it form? A solution
If we look at the proteins in blood, one such is albumin, what type of mixture does it form? A
colloid
And, finally…if we look at the portion of blood that is “formed elements”, what type of mixture
do they form? A suspension
4. If you are asked to calculate the molecular weight of a substance like carbon dioxide, and you
it is a given that C = mass number of 12 and O = mass number of 16, what would the molecular
weight of this be? 1 carbon = 12 and 1 oxygen = 16, but we have 2 oxygen so oxygen = 32;
now add 12 + 32 = 44 (this is the molecular weight of carbon dioxide)
5. The first shell of electrons around a nucleus is filled with a maximum of 2 electrons. Each
shell after that is filled with a maximum of 8 electrons. Keeping in mind that the atomic number
of an element represents its protons and electrons, if potassium has an atomic number of 19,
how many electrons will be in its outer shell? One (2, 8, 8 and 1)
6. Which organelle is responsible for producing the majority of ATP? Mitochondria
This study source was downloaded by 100000844460766 from CourseHero.com on 05-13-2022 02:23:39 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/22227155/Exam-1-Full-Study-Guide12-1/
Study Guide Answers - Week 1
Dr. Jeff Allyn
Chapter 1 – Major Themes of Anatomy
1. What is meant by the term, “placebo”? A “medication” given as a “sugar pill” in order to
assess the effectiveness of another medication.
2. Define the “double-blind method”. A scientific method used to avoid psychological bias
during medical research
3. Cells are the smallest living structure in our bodies. Groups of cells make up tissue. In what
other ways would you describe “tissue”? They can form discrete regions of an organ and
perform a specific function or functions.
4. What is the definition of evolution? A change in the genetic composition of a population
over time.
5. How is palpation different from percussion? Palpation in touch, percussion is tapping.
6. Who is known as the pioneer of cytology, the study of cells? Robert Hooke
7. Scientist will consider a hypothesis to be valid if it is falsifiable. What does that mean? It
means that we can conceive of it be proven wrong.
8. In order for scientific studies to be accurate we must understand that a person’s psychological
state or mental state be taken into account. These “effects” would be referred to as?
“Psychosomatic” effects
9. When we add all the reactions in our body that create some things (Anabolism) with all the
reactions that breakdown some things (Catabolism) we call this? Metabolism
10. Who was the inventor of the first practical compound microscope? Robert Hooke
11. What do we call the smallest unit of an organism that represents “life”? The cell
12. If we want to test a “natural remedy” for something like heartburn/reflux, we give a group
of people the natural remedy and the other group nothing. The group that was not given the
natural remedy is called? The control group
13. What is the definition of “histology”? The study of microscopic anatomy (tissues and
organs)
14. Define “auscultation”. The technique of listening to body sounds, e.g. heart, lungs.
This study source was downloaded by 100000844460766 from CourseHero.com on 05-13-2022 02:23:39 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/22227155/Exam-1-Full-Study-Guide12-1/
, 15. Define “homeostasis”. The body’s ability to maintain internal conditions in a relatively
stable way. It does not mean “perfect balance equally”. It means balance that is required by
our bodies to function at its peak.
16. A positive feedback mechanism is one that is self-amplifying, meaning once it starts the
effect continue to get greater. Would you consider lighting a single match to create a bonfire a
“positive feedback mechanism”? Yes!
17. A negative feedback mechanism is one that seeks a change and once that change has been
established the mechanism turns OFF. Our air conditioners work in this way with the help of a
thermostat. Our car engines cool off with a thermostat and engine coolant. Do you think that
our toilets work by this mechanism? Yes!
18. When we discuss levels of complexity with regard to our bodies we must always start with
the smallest structures that perform tasks and work our way up. What structure must we start
with? Organelles What structures would come after that? Cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems.
Chapter 2 – The Chemistry of Life
1. Name the trace elements in the human body. Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Flourine, Iodine,
Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Silicon, Tin, Vanadium and Zinc.
2. What is the pH of blood? 7.35 – 7.45 Is this slightly basic or acidic? Basic
3. Let’s look at the 3 typed of mixtures and analyze blood. If sodium chloride is in blood, what
type of mixture does it form? A solution
If we look at the proteins in blood, one such is albumin, what type of mixture does it form? A
colloid
And, finally…if we look at the portion of blood that is “formed elements”, what type of mixture
do they form? A suspension
4. If you are asked to calculate the molecular weight of a substance like carbon dioxide, and you
it is a given that C = mass number of 12 and O = mass number of 16, what would the molecular
weight of this be? 1 carbon = 12 and 1 oxygen = 16, but we have 2 oxygen so oxygen = 32;
now add 12 + 32 = 44 (this is the molecular weight of carbon dioxide)
5. The first shell of electrons around a nucleus is filled with a maximum of 2 electrons. Each
shell after that is filled with a maximum of 8 electrons. Keeping in mind that the atomic number
of an element represents its protons and electrons, if potassium has an atomic number of 19,
how many electrons will be in its outer shell? One (2, 8, 8 and 1)
6. Which organelle is responsible for producing the majority of ATP? Mitochondria
This study source was downloaded by 100000844460766 from CourseHero.com on 05-13-2022 02:23:39 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/22227155/Exam-1-Full-Study-Guide12-1/
