A&P2 Lab practical 1: Endocrine Case
Studies
hypothyroidism - correct answer Case Study 1
*symptoms: fatigue, joint pain, consistently feels cold
*signs: abnormally dry skin
abnormal growth, tenderness or swelling; for a change in thyroid gland (ex/ goiter) -
correct answer in case study 1:
why does the provider palpate the anterior part of her neck? What is the provider
checking?
abnormal thyroid hormone levels (increased levels indicate hyperthyroidism, decreased
levels indicated hypothyroidism) - correct answer In case study 1:
what hormones levels should the doctor check for in her blood work?
hypothyrodism overview - correct answer Case study 1
In this endocrine condition, they thyroid gland under produces certain hormones (TSH,
T3, T4) and since the thyroid gland regulates how the body uses energy if there isn't
enough hormones for the body to use, bodily functions begin to slow down. For ex/ your
body not being able to heat, cells not replicating at a normal pace, or timely digestion of
food causing lack of energy
autoimmune disease, treatment for hyperthyroidism, thyroid surgery, radiation therapy,
medications - correct answer causes of hypothyroidism include
congenital disease (babies), pituitary disorder, pregnancy, iodine deficiency - correct
answer less common causes of hypothyroidism
treatments for hypothyroidism - correct answer -daily meds to restore hormone levels
and reverse sign and symptoms
-treatment is lifelong
hormones and glands involved in type 1 and 2 DM diabetes - correct answer hormone:
insulin - reduces blood glucose levels and is produced by the beta cells in the pancreas.
The condition is caused by the body not producing enough insulin or none at all
type 1 and type 2 DM diabetes - correct answer symptoms:
-severe vomiting
-confusion
-polyuria (urinary frequency)
-polydipsia (excessive thirst)
-glucose and ketones present in urine (elevated ketones due to break down of fats for
energy instead of glucose)
treatments for type 1 diabetes - correct answer home treatments: diet, exercise, carb
counting
, A&P2 Lab practical 1: Endocrine Case
Studies
medical treatments: insulin therapy
health issues associated with Type 2 DM - correct answer -bacterial/fungal infections
-nerve damage/neuropathy
-cardiovascular diseases
-poor circulation in feet
-kidney damage or failure
Treatment for type 2 DM diabetes - correct answer home treatments: diet, exercise,
healthy habits
medical treatments: oral diabetes meds, inulin injections, statin, blood thinners
pituitary adenoma - correct answer Case study 3:
symptoms: headaches, loss of peripheral vision and unexplained weight loss, reduced
sexual function, MRI showed a tumor pressing on the optic chiasma
pituitary adenoma - correct answer when this becomes large enough, they can press on
nerves and/or parts of the brain. The optic nerve is close to the pituitary that these press
on it, leading to vision problems, loss of consciousness, dizziness, headaches, and
facial numbness or pain
They can also cause hormonal shortages in those such as sex hormones, TH, and
cortisol
treatments for pituitary adenoma - correct answer -watch it if it is small
-surgers
-radiation
-meds
-chemotherapy
-prognosis depends on size, spread, recurrence
Parathyroid hormone (which is released due to low levels of calcium in blood) - correct
answer Case study 4:
symptoms: elevated calcium levels (hypercalcemia), bone scan showed osteoporosis.
What hormone could also be elevated in her blood?
hyperparathyroidism is most likely causing elevated calcium levels in her blood - correct
answer case study 4:
what is most likely cause for the elevated blood calcium levels?
treatments for person with osteoporosis, elevated calcium levels and parathyroid
hormone - correct answer treatments if her fall risk is low include modifying risk factors
for bone loss and falls
Studies
hypothyroidism - correct answer Case Study 1
*symptoms: fatigue, joint pain, consistently feels cold
*signs: abnormally dry skin
abnormal growth, tenderness or swelling; for a change in thyroid gland (ex/ goiter) -
correct answer in case study 1:
why does the provider palpate the anterior part of her neck? What is the provider
checking?
abnormal thyroid hormone levels (increased levels indicate hyperthyroidism, decreased
levels indicated hypothyroidism) - correct answer In case study 1:
what hormones levels should the doctor check for in her blood work?
hypothyrodism overview - correct answer Case study 1
In this endocrine condition, they thyroid gland under produces certain hormones (TSH,
T3, T4) and since the thyroid gland regulates how the body uses energy if there isn't
enough hormones for the body to use, bodily functions begin to slow down. For ex/ your
body not being able to heat, cells not replicating at a normal pace, or timely digestion of
food causing lack of energy
autoimmune disease, treatment for hyperthyroidism, thyroid surgery, radiation therapy,
medications - correct answer causes of hypothyroidism include
congenital disease (babies), pituitary disorder, pregnancy, iodine deficiency - correct
answer less common causes of hypothyroidism
treatments for hypothyroidism - correct answer -daily meds to restore hormone levels
and reverse sign and symptoms
-treatment is lifelong
hormones and glands involved in type 1 and 2 DM diabetes - correct answer hormone:
insulin - reduces blood glucose levels and is produced by the beta cells in the pancreas.
The condition is caused by the body not producing enough insulin or none at all
type 1 and type 2 DM diabetes - correct answer symptoms:
-severe vomiting
-confusion
-polyuria (urinary frequency)
-polydipsia (excessive thirst)
-glucose and ketones present in urine (elevated ketones due to break down of fats for
energy instead of glucose)
treatments for type 1 diabetes - correct answer home treatments: diet, exercise, carb
counting
, A&P2 Lab practical 1: Endocrine Case
Studies
medical treatments: insulin therapy
health issues associated with Type 2 DM - correct answer -bacterial/fungal infections
-nerve damage/neuropathy
-cardiovascular diseases
-poor circulation in feet
-kidney damage or failure
Treatment for type 2 DM diabetes - correct answer home treatments: diet, exercise,
healthy habits
medical treatments: oral diabetes meds, inulin injections, statin, blood thinners
pituitary adenoma - correct answer Case study 3:
symptoms: headaches, loss of peripheral vision and unexplained weight loss, reduced
sexual function, MRI showed a tumor pressing on the optic chiasma
pituitary adenoma - correct answer when this becomes large enough, they can press on
nerves and/or parts of the brain. The optic nerve is close to the pituitary that these press
on it, leading to vision problems, loss of consciousness, dizziness, headaches, and
facial numbness or pain
They can also cause hormonal shortages in those such as sex hormones, TH, and
cortisol
treatments for pituitary adenoma - correct answer -watch it if it is small
-surgers
-radiation
-meds
-chemotherapy
-prognosis depends on size, spread, recurrence
Parathyroid hormone (which is released due to low levels of calcium in blood) - correct
answer Case study 4:
symptoms: elevated calcium levels (hypercalcemia), bone scan showed osteoporosis.
What hormone could also be elevated in her blood?
hyperparathyroidism is most likely causing elevated calcium levels in her blood - correct
answer case study 4:
what is most likely cause for the elevated blood calcium levels?
treatments for person with osteoporosis, elevated calcium levels and parathyroid
hormone - correct answer treatments if her fall risk is low include modifying risk factors
for bone loss and falls
