Endocrine Disorders 310
Hypopituitarism - answer -Decreased secretion of hormones
-70-90% of function must be destroyed before function is obvious;
-Can be congenital or acquired;
-ACTH deficiency is most serious;
Consequence of decreased ACTH - answer -ACTH influences hormone secretion from
the adrenal gland
-Less ACTH = Less Aldosterone and cortisol
-Decreased aldosterone= decreased Na/H2O retention ( decreased BP)
-Decreased cortisol= abnormal sugar levels/altered metabolism
Hypopituitarism symptoms - answer -Weakness( due to low blood sugar)
-Fatigue
-Postural Hypotension(due to reduced BP)
Hypothalamus - answer -Releasing and inhibiting hormones
-Controls the release of pituitary hormones
-Dopamine,
Anterior pituitary hormones - answer Growth Hormone, ACTH, Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone (TSH), FSH & LH (Gonadotropic hormones)
Growth Hormone - answer Anterior Pituitary-
Stimulates growth of bone and muscle, promotes protein synthesis and fat metabolism,
decreases carbohydrate metabolism
ACTH - answer -Anterior Pituitary
-Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones
-A stress responder
TSH - answer Anterior Pituitary
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone
FSH - answer Anterior Pituitary
-Female: stimulates growth of ovarian follicle, ovulation
-Male: stimulates sperm production
LH - answer -Anterior Pituitary
-Female: stimulates development of corpus luteum, release of oocyte, production of
estrogen and progesterone
-Male: stimulates secretion of testosterone, development of interstitial tissue of testes
Posterior pituitary hormones - answer ADH
Oxytocin
ADH - answer Increases water reabsorption by kidney
, Endocrine Disorders 310
Oxytocin - answer Stimulates contraction of pregnant uterus, milk ejection from breasts
after childbirth
Decreased aldosterone - answer Influence of adrenal hormone: decreased Na/H2O
retention
Decreased cortisol - answer Influence of adrenal hormone: abnormal sugar
levels/altered metabolism
Thyroid Feedback loop - answer 1)Low levels of T3 & T4 are detected
2)Ant. pituitary releases TSH
3)TSH stimulates thyroid to release T3 & T4
4)Elevated levels of T3 and T4 are detected, feedback to pituitary to reduce the release
of TSH
T3 and T4 - answer -Thyroid hormones:
-Increase the metabolic rate;
-increase protein, fat and carb metabolism -
-increase O2 consumption
-Higher HR and contractility (due to epi)
-Vasodilation
-Increased GI motility
-Neuromuscular hyperactivity
- T3 is more active
-T4 is more prevalent
Hypothyroidism - answer Decreased function - slows metabolic process; can be
congenital or acquired;
primary hypothyroidism - answer Most common- a disorder of the Thyroid
-caused by destruction or dysfunction of the thyroid gland
Causes of primary hypothyroidsim - answer -Thyroidectomy, ablation or chemicals
-Large amounts (too much!) Iodine which can block hormone production
-Autoimmune (like hashimoto)
secondary hypothyroidism - answer secondary to disorders of hypothalamic or pituitary
origin
Hypothyroid symptoms - answer EVERYTHING SLOWS
-Weight gain
-coarse brittle hair
-cold intolerance
-bradycardia
-constipation
Hypopituitarism - answer -Decreased secretion of hormones
-70-90% of function must be destroyed before function is obvious;
-Can be congenital or acquired;
-ACTH deficiency is most serious;
Consequence of decreased ACTH - answer -ACTH influences hormone secretion from
the adrenal gland
-Less ACTH = Less Aldosterone and cortisol
-Decreased aldosterone= decreased Na/H2O retention ( decreased BP)
-Decreased cortisol= abnormal sugar levels/altered metabolism
Hypopituitarism symptoms - answer -Weakness( due to low blood sugar)
-Fatigue
-Postural Hypotension(due to reduced BP)
Hypothalamus - answer -Releasing and inhibiting hormones
-Controls the release of pituitary hormones
-Dopamine,
Anterior pituitary hormones - answer Growth Hormone, ACTH, Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone (TSH), FSH & LH (Gonadotropic hormones)
Growth Hormone - answer Anterior Pituitary-
Stimulates growth of bone and muscle, promotes protein synthesis and fat metabolism,
decreases carbohydrate metabolism
ACTH - answer -Anterior Pituitary
-Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones
-A stress responder
TSH - answer Anterior Pituitary
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone
FSH - answer Anterior Pituitary
-Female: stimulates growth of ovarian follicle, ovulation
-Male: stimulates sperm production
LH - answer -Anterior Pituitary
-Female: stimulates development of corpus luteum, release of oocyte, production of
estrogen and progesterone
-Male: stimulates secretion of testosterone, development of interstitial tissue of testes
Posterior pituitary hormones - answer ADH
Oxytocin
ADH - answer Increases water reabsorption by kidney
, Endocrine Disorders 310
Oxytocin - answer Stimulates contraction of pregnant uterus, milk ejection from breasts
after childbirth
Decreased aldosterone - answer Influence of adrenal hormone: decreased Na/H2O
retention
Decreased cortisol - answer Influence of adrenal hormone: abnormal sugar
levels/altered metabolism
Thyroid Feedback loop - answer 1)Low levels of T3 & T4 are detected
2)Ant. pituitary releases TSH
3)TSH stimulates thyroid to release T3 & T4
4)Elevated levels of T3 and T4 are detected, feedback to pituitary to reduce the release
of TSH
T3 and T4 - answer -Thyroid hormones:
-Increase the metabolic rate;
-increase protein, fat and carb metabolism -
-increase O2 consumption
-Higher HR and contractility (due to epi)
-Vasodilation
-Increased GI motility
-Neuromuscular hyperactivity
- T3 is more active
-T4 is more prevalent
Hypothyroidism - answer Decreased function - slows metabolic process; can be
congenital or acquired;
primary hypothyroidism - answer Most common- a disorder of the Thyroid
-caused by destruction or dysfunction of the thyroid gland
Causes of primary hypothyroidsim - answer -Thyroidectomy, ablation or chemicals
-Large amounts (too much!) Iodine which can block hormone production
-Autoimmune (like hashimoto)
secondary hypothyroidism - answer secondary to disorders of hypothalamic or pituitary
origin
Hypothyroid symptoms - answer EVERYTHING SLOWS
-Weight gain
-coarse brittle hair
-cold intolerance
-bradycardia
-constipation
