NURS6501 CH 1
Cells become specialized through the process of - answer differentiation or maturation
Eight specialized cellular functions are - answer movement, conductivity, metabolic
absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and communication
Eukaryotic cells consist of - answer the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and
intracellular organelles
What is the nucleus? - answer the largest membrane-bound organelle and found in the
cell's center
Chief functions of the nucleus are? - answer cell division and control of genetic
information
What is cytoplasm (cytoplasmic matrix)? - answer an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills
the space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
Where are organelles found? - answer suspended in the cytoplasm and enclosed in
biologic membranes
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - answer a network of tubular channels (cisternae)
that extend throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and
transport of protein lipid components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex? - answer a network of smooth membranes and vesicles
located near the nucleus
What does the Golgi complex do? - answer process and package proteins into
secretory vesicles that break away from the Golgi complex and migrate to a variety of
intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma membranes
What are lysosomes? - answer sac-like structures that originate from the Golgi complex
and contain digestive enzymes.
What do lysosomal enzymes do? - answer responsible for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
(sugars)
What does cellular injury lead to? - answer a release of the lysosomal enzymes,
causing cellular self-digestion
Peroxisomes - answer similar to lysosomes but contain several enzymes that either
produce or use hydrogen peroxide
Mitochondria - answer contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy
metabolism
Cells become specialized through the process of - answer differentiation or maturation
Eight specialized cellular functions are - answer movement, conductivity, metabolic
absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and communication
Eukaryotic cells consist of - answer the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and
intracellular organelles
What is the nucleus? - answer the largest membrane-bound organelle and found in the
cell's center
Chief functions of the nucleus are? - answer cell division and control of genetic
information
What is cytoplasm (cytoplasmic matrix)? - answer an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills
the space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
Where are organelles found? - answer suspended in the cytoplasm and enclosed in
biologic membranes
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - answer a network of tubular channels (cisternae)
that extend throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and
transport of protein lipid components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex? - answer a network of smooth membranes and vesicles
located near the nucleus
What does the Golgi complex do? - answer process and package proteins into
secretory vesicles that break away from the Golgi complex and migrate to a variety of
intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma membranes
What are lysosomes? - answer sac-like structures that originate from the Golgi complex
and contain digestive enzymes.
What do lysosomal enzymes do? - answer responsible for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
(sugars)
What does cellular injury lead to? - answer a release of the lysosomal enzymes,
causing cellular self-digestion
Peroxisomes - answer similar to lysosomes but contain several enzymes that either
produce or use hydrogen peroxide
Mitochondria - answer contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy
metabolism
