NURS 6501-Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 1
How are cells specialized? - Answer through the process of differentiation or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - Answer movement, conductivity,
metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - Answer the plasma
membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - Answer Cellular injury causing
cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - Answer the largest membrane-bound
organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions of the nucleus are
cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? - Answer an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space between
the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - Answer a network
of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It
specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid components of most of the
organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - Answer a network of smooth
membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is responsible for
processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - Answer saclike structures that originate
from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible
for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty
acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - Answer involved in the production and breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - Answer The major workhorses of the cell, if
misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? - Answer . Mitochondria contain the metabolic
machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - Answer the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The internal
skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules and actin
filaments (microfilaments).
, NURS 6501-Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 1
What is the plasma membrane? - Answer encloses the cell and, by controlling the
movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction? - Answer The transfer of molecular signals from the
exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - Answer protein homeostasis
and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is composed of ribosomes
(makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown or proteolytic systems.
Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - Answer on the plasma membrane, enable the cell to
interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - Answer (1) the extracellular
membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3)
specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? - Answer (1) fibrous
structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive glycoproteins, and (3)
proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps regulate cell growth, movement,
and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? - Answer (1) they form protein channels (gap junctions); (2)
they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other cells in direct physical
contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
How is intercellular signaling done? - Answer contact-dependent, paracrine, hormonal,
neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
What is ATP? - Answer Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required for active
transport.
What is anabolism? - Answer energy-using process of metabolism
What is catabolism? - Answer the energy-releasing process of metabolism
What is passive transport? - Answer The movement of materials across the cell
membrane without using cellular energy, water and small electrically uncharged
molecules, done through osmosis
What is oxidative phosphorylation? - Answer occurs in the mitochondria and is the
mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is
transferred to ATP.
How are cells specialized? - Answer through the process of differentiation or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - Answer movement, conductivity,
metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - Answer the plasma
membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - Answer Cellular injury causing
cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - Answer the largest membrane-bound
organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions of the nucleus are
cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? - Answer an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space between
the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - Answer a network
of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It
specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid components of most of the
organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - Answer a network of smooth
membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is responsible for
processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - Answer saclike structures that originate
from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible
for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty
acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - Answer involved in the production and breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - Answer The major workhorses of the cell, if
misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? - Answer . Mitochondria contain the metabolic
machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - Answer the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The internal
skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules and actin
filaments (microfilaments).
, NURS 6501-Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 1
What is the plasma membrane? - Answer encloses the cell and, by controlling the
movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction? - Answer The transfer of molecular signals from the
exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - Answer protein homeostasis
and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is composed of ribosomes
(makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown or proteolytic systems.
Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - Answer on the plasma membrane, enable the cell to
interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - Answer (1) the extracellular
membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3)
specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? - Answer (1) fibrous
structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive glycoproteins, and (3)
proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps regulate cell growth, movement,
and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? - Answer (1) they form protein channels (gap junctions); (2)
they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other cells in direct physical
contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
How is intercellular signaling done? - Answer contact-dependent, paracrine, hormonal,
neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
What is ATP? - Answer Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required for active
transport.
What is anabolism? - Answer energy-using process of metabolism
What is catabolism? - Answer the energy-releasing process of metabolism
What is passive transport? - Answer The movement of materials across the cell
membrane without using cellular energy, water and small electrically uncharged
molecules, done through osmosis
What is oxidative phosphorylation? - Answer occurs in the mitochondria and is the
mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is
transferred to ATP.
