NPTE Practice Questions And Answers 2021/2022 with complete solutions.

A physical therapist is using the palmar surface of his hands to compress the patient's soft tissue by performing small circular and long stroking movements with deep pressure. Which massage technique is the physical therapist doing? A. Friction B. Tapping C. Vibration D. Kneading A. Friction The tapping massage technique is being used when the hands rapidly strike an individual's soft tissue. The vibration technique is used when the hands shake a patient's soft tissue by using short, rapid, quivering motions. The kneading technique is used when the hands grasp and lift a patient's soft tissue Alveolar hyperventilation is known to cause respiratory alkalosis. Which of the following is not a common sign associated with respiratory alkalosis? A. Early tetany B. Syncope C. Tingling D. Secondary hyperventilation D. Secondary Hyperventilation Secondary hyperventilation is not a sign or symptom of respiratory alkalosis. This is associated with metabolic acidosis The common signs or symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include dizziness, early tetany, tingling, syncope, and numbness 00:00 01:35 You are working in a women's health physical therapy clinic, treating a woman with urge urinary incontinence. Urge urinary incontinence occurs when the sensation of a full bladder is perceived, and urine is leaked due to an inability to delay voiding to reach a toilet. Which of the following correctly identifies a cause of urge urinary incontinence? A. Hypersensitive bladder B. Impaired cognition C. Neurogenic bladder D. Weak pelvic floor A. Hypersensitive bladder A hypersensitive bladder is a cause associated with urge urinary incontinence. Detrusor muscle instability or hyperreflexia is another cause associated with urge urinary incontinence Neurogenic bladder is a cause associated with overflow urinary incontinence. Impaired cognition is a cause associated with functional urine incontinence. Weak pelvic floor musculature is a cause associated with stress urinary incontinence. You are analyzing the gait of a 4-year-old child referred for physical therapy consultation in the preschool setting. In regards to the swing phase, spasticity of the posterior tibialis can cause which of the following common gait deviations? A. Varus B. Equinovarus C. Foot drop D. Insufficient knee flexion B. Equinovarus Equinovarus is a common gait deviation that occurs during the swing phase as a result of spasticity of the posterior tibialis (and/or gastrocnemius-soleus) Varus is a common gait deviation that occurs during the swing phase as a result of weakened peroneals, spastic invertors, or abnormal synergistic pattern. Foot drop is a common gait deviation that occurs during the swing phase as a result of weakened contraction of dorsiflexors or spastic plantar flexors. Insufficient knee flexion is a common gait deviation that occurs during the swing phase as a result of weakened hamstrings or extensor spasticity. A physical therapist is working with a patient who displays toe first stepping. The physical therapist know that toe first stepping can be a result of all except which of the following? A. Weak dorsiflexors B. Tight plantarflexors C. Genu valgum D. A shortened leg C. Genu valgum Genu valgum (knock-knees) is a common lower leg abnormality that is usually seen in the toddler, preschool and early school age child. In genu valgum, the lower extremities turn inward, causing the appearance of the knees to be touching while the ankles remain apart. Toe first is not a result of genu valgum. Genu valgum can contribute to over pronation. Toe first can be a result of weak dorsiflexors, tight plantarflexors, or a shortened leg. Sacroiliac dysfunction is a pregnancy-related pathology associated with sitting, standing, or walking too long. Which of the following is a physical therapy intervention that should be used for sacroiliac dysfunction? A. Pelvic floor exercises B. Use of external stabilization C. Avoidance of stretching D. Single-limb weight bearing exercises B. Use of external stabilization A physical therapist should recommend the use of external stabilization for sacroiliac dysfunction. A sacroiliac support belt is an example of an external stabilization mechanism that could be used to help reduce the patient's pain. Single-limb weight-bearing exercises are incorrect because this type of exercise could aggravate the patient's sacroiliac dysfunction. The patient should not avoid stretching and the therapist should teach appropriate sacroiliac and lumbar stretching exercises. Pelvic floor exercises are incorrect because it is an intervention that would be sued for cesarean childbirth or pelvic floor disorders. The tricuspid valve is an atrioventricular valve that has three cusps. Which of the following statements is true in regards to the tricuspid valve? A. It is the right heart valve B. It prevents left backflow into the ventricle during diastole C. It prevents right backflow into the ventricle during diastole D. It is the left heart valve A. It is the right heart valve The tricuspid valve is the right heart valve. Atrioventricular valves, such as the tricuspid valve and the bicuspid valve, prevent backflowing into the atria during ventricular systole. The aortic valve prevents left backflow into the ventricle during diastole. The pulmonary valve prevents right backflow into the ventricle during diastole. The bicuspid valve is the left heart valve. The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate many body functions including growth and development and reproductive functions. In regards to the endocrine system, which of the following is responsible for controlling the release of androgen testosterone? A. Testes B. Kidneys C. Ovaries D. Thyroid A. Testes The kidneys are responsible for controlling the release of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D. The ovaries are responsible for controlling the release of progesterone and estrogen. The thyroid is responsible for controlling the release of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. You are working with a geriatric woman in a sub-acute rehabilitation setting. She presents with functional urinary incontinence. Functional urinary incontinence occurs when urine leakage is associated with the unwillingness or inability to use the toilet. Which of the following correctly identifies a cause of functional urinary incontinence? A. Hypersensitive bladder B. Alzheimer's disease C. Obesity D. Prostate enlargement B. Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease is a cause associated with functional urinary incontinence. Other causes include depression, environmental barriers, stroke, and impaired physical functioning. Hypersensitive bladder is a cause associated with urge urinary incontinence. Obesity is a cause associated with stress urinary incontinence. Prostate enlargement is a cause associated with overflow urinary incontinence. Your patient is complaining of musculoskeletal pain but reports a history of colon pathology. In regards to gastrointestinal pain patterns, a physical therapist should know that visceral pain from the appendix, colon, or pelvic viscera can refer to which of the following? A. The lower back, pelvis, or sacrum B. The scapular and midback regions C. The midback D. The shoulder A. The lower back, pelvis, sacrum Visceral pain from the appendix, colon, or pelvic viscera can refer to the lower back, pelvis, or sacrum. Visceral pain from the gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, or stomach can refer to the scapular and midback regions. Visceral pain from the esophagus can refer to the midback. Visceral pain from the diaphragm, liver, or pericardium can refer to the shoulder. Which fissure of the brain separates the temporary lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes? A. Transverse fibers B. Longitudinal cerebral fissure C. Central sulcus D. Lateral central fissure D. Lateral central fissure The lateral central fissure (also known as the fissure of Sylvius) separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. The transverse fibers are the brain's white matter that interconnects the brain's two hemispheres. The longitudinal cerebral fissure divides the brain's two hemispheres. The central sulcus divides the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe. Which condition of the gastrointestinal system describes a situation of intractable constipation with fecal impaction and retention of hard, dry stools in the rectum and colon? A. Obstipation B. Achalasia C. Gastritis D. Dysphagia A. Obstipation Constipation is a decrease in normal elimination of stool. It is characterized by excessively hard, dry stools and difficulty with elimination. A diet lacking fiber, inadequate fluid intake, sedentary lifestyle, increased age, and medication can contribute to constipation. Achalasia is a condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax, and the food is trapped in the esophagus. Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach mucosa. Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing. The patient may experience choking, coughing, or the abnormal sensation of food stuck in the back of the throat. Conditions that contribute to dysphagia can include lesions of the central nervous system, esophageal scarring, swelling, cancer, and scleroderma.