CSCS Exam Practice Questions 2018,
NSCA CSCS - Study Review
Skeletal System Composition - Answer 206 Bones in adult body
provides leverage, support, and protection
Pulled on by muscles to allow the body to push or pull against external objects
Axial Skeleton - Answer Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs and Sternum
Appendicular Skeleton - Answer Shoulder Girdle; bones of arms, wrists, hands, and
pelvic girdle; bones of legs, ankles, and feet
Joints - Answer Junctions of bones
Fibrous Joint - Answer Allows virtually no movement (Sutures of skull)
Cartilaginous Joint - Answer Allows limited movement (intervetebral)
Synovial Joint - Answer Allows considerable movement (elbows/knees)
Uniaxial - Answer Hinge, rotate around one axis (elbow)
Biaxial - Answer Operate in two perpendicular planes (ankle/wrist)
Multiaxial - Answer Allow movement in all three axes (shoulder/hip)
Vertebral Column - Answer Cervical 7 (lordotic curve)
Thoracic 12 (Kyphotic curve)
Lumbar 5 (Lordotic)
Sacral 5 ( Kyphotic)
Coccygeal 3-5
Curves help to distribute forces
Muscle Tissue - Answer Epimysium (outer layer)
Perimysium (surrounding group of fibers/fascicules)
Endomysium (surrounding individual fibers)
Fascia - Answer Delicate "cobwebby" tissue
Motor Unit - Answer Motor Neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
Typically several hundred muscle fibers in a single motor unit
Sarcolemma - Answer The plasma membrane of a cell
Transverse Tubules - Answer Connect to plasma membrane to interior
,CSCS Exam Practice Questions 2018,
NSCA CSCS - Study Review
Action potentials travel through
Ensures AP excites all parts of the muscle fiber at the same time
Sarcoplasm (muscle cytoplasm) - Answer Glycogen, myoglobin, mitochondrion
Myofibrils - Answer Contractile organelles
Extend length of muscle fiber
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - Answer Membranous sacs around each myofibril
Stores Calcium ions (Ca2+)
Release of Ca2+ triggers muscle contraction
Filaments - Answer Function in the contractile process
Thick and thin filaments
2 thin for every 1 thick
Sarcomere - Answer Compartments of arranged filaments
Basic functional unit of a myofibril
Troponin & Tropomyosin - Answer Regulating proteins that cover binding sites
Skeletal Muscle Striated appearance - Answer Arrangement of Actin (thin) and Myosin
(thick)
Sliding-Filament Theory of Muscular Contraction - Answer Actin filament at each end of
the sarcomere slide inward on the myosin filaments, pulling the Z-discs towards the M-
line/center of the sarcomere (shortening the muscle fiber)
Sliding-Filament phases - Answer Resting Phase
Excitation-contraction coupling phase
Contraction phase
Recharge phase
Relaxation phase
-70 resting, -55 threshold
Maximal Contraction of Myofibril - Answer Low force potential due to reduced
crossbridge-actin alignment
Muscle Action Potential - Answer Release acetylcholine
Activation of ACh receptors
Production of muscle action potential
,CSCS Exam Practice Questions 2018,
NSCA CSCS - Study Review
Termination of ACh activity (rapidly broken down by AChE)
Excitation-Contraction Coupling - Answer Increase in Ca2+ concentration in the muscle
starts contraction
Decrease in Ca2+ stops it
Action Potentials causes Ca2+ to be released from the SR into the muscle cell
Muscle cell membrane pumps Ca2+ back into SR
Myosin binding sites are covered and the muscle relaxes
Contraction cycle - Answer ATP hydrolysis
Formation of cross-bridges = myosin attaches to myosin binding sites on actin
Power Stroke = crossbridges rotate, sliding the filaments
Detachment of myosin from Actin = as the next ATP binds to the myosin head the
myosin head detaches from binding site
Cycle will continue as long as ATP and Ca2+ Levels are high
Force Production of a Muscle - Answer Dictated by the number of crossbridges that are
formed between actin and myosin
Crossbridge Cycling - Answer ATP and Calcium are necessary to cycle the actin and
myosin filaments
Activation of Muscle - Answer Arrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal causes
the release of acetylcholine, once a sufficient amount of acetylcholine is released an
action potential is generated across the sarcolemma and the fiber contracts
Muscles with precision - Answer May have as few as one muscle fiber per motor nueron
Muscles that require less precision - Answer May have several hundred fibers served by
one motor neuron
All-or-None principle - Answer All the muscle fibers in a motor unit contract and develop
force at the same time
Stimulated Motor Unit - Answer Twitch
Twitch Summation
Tetanus of motor unit
Muscle Fiber types - Answer Type 1 (slow twitch)
Type 2a (fast twitch)
, CSCS Exam Practice Questions 2018,
NSCA CSCS - Study Review
Type 2x (fast-twitch)
Muscle Fibers vary in their content of myoglobin - Answer Red muscle fibers have HIGH
myoglobin content
White muscle fibers have LOW myoglobin content
Type 1 - Answer Slow Oxidative fibers
Smallest in diameter
Least powerful
Red muscle fiber
Generate ATP by aerobic cellular respiration
High Resistant to fatigue
Posture, endurance-type activities
Type 2a - Answer Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers
Intermediate in diameter
Red muscle fiber
Generate ATP by cellular respiration and anaerobic glycolysis
Moderate resistance to fatigue
Type 2x - Answer Fast Glycolytic Fibers
Largest in diameter
Generate most powerful contractions
White muscle fiber
Few blood capillaries/mitochondria
Generate ATP through Glycolysis
Fatigue quickly
Intense anaerobic movements of short duration
Motor Units Composed of - Answer Muscle fibers with specific morphological and
physiological characteristics that determine their functional capacity
Force Output Variation - Answer Change in frequency of activation of individual motor
units of the number of activated motor units
Proprioceptors - Answer Specialized sensory receptors that provide the central nervous
system with information needed to maintain muscle tone and perform complex
coordinated movements
Muscle Spindles - Answer When a muscle is stretched the muscle spindle activates the
sensory neuron, sends an impulse to the spinal cord, synapses with motor neuron
causing muscle to contract
NSCA CSCS - Study Review
Skeletal System Composition - Answer 206 Bones in adult body
provides leverage, support, and protection
Pulled on by muscles to allow the body to push or pull against external objects
Axial Skeleton - Answer Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs and Sternum
Appendicular Skeleton - Answer Shoulder Girdle; bones of arms, wrists, hands, and
pelvic girdle; bones of legs, ankles, and feet
Joints - Answer Junctions of bones
Fibrous Joint - Answer Allows virtually no movement (Sutures of skull)
Cartilaginous Joint - Answer Allows limited movement (intervetebral)
Synovial Joint - Answer Allows considerable movement (elbows/knees)
Uniaxial - Answer Hinge, rotate around one axis (elbow)
Biaxial - Answer Operate in two perpendicular planes (ankle/wrist)
Multiaxial - Answer Allow movement in all three axes (shoulder/hip)
Vertebral Column - Answer Cervical 7 (lordotic curve)
Thoracic 12 (Kyphotic curve)
Lumbar 5 (Lordotic)
Sacral 5 ( Kyphotic)
Coccygeal 3-5
Curves help to distribute forces
Muscle Tissue - Answer Epimysium (outer layer)
Perimysium (surrounding group of fibers/fascicules)
Endomysium (surrounding individual fibers)
Fascia - Answer Delicate "cobwebby" tissue
Motor Unit - Answer Motor Neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
Typically several hundred muscle fibers in a single motor unit
Sarcolemma - Answer The plasma membrane of a cell
Transverse Tubules - Answer Connect to plasma membrane to interior
,CSCS Exam Practice Questions 2018,
NSCA CSCS - Study Review
Action potentials travel through
Ensures AP excites all parts of the muscle fiber at the same time
Sarcoplasm (muscle cytoplasm) - Answer Glycogen, myoglobin, mitochondrion
Myofibrils - Answer Contractile organelles
Extend length of muscle fiber
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - Answer Membranous sacs around each myofibril
Stores Calcium ions (Ca2+)
Release of Ca2+ triggers muscle contraction
Filaments - Answer Function in the contractile process
Thick and thin filaments
2 thin for every 1 thick
Sarcomere - Answer Compartments of arranged filaments
Basic functional unit of a myofibril
Troponin & Tropomyosin - Answer Regulating proteins that cover binding sites
Skeletal Muscle Striated appearance - Answer Arrangement of Actin (thin) and Myosin
(thick)
Sliding-Filament Theory of Muscular Contraction - Answer Actin filament at each end of
the sarcomere slide inward on the myosin filaments, pulling the Z-discs towards the M-
line/center of the sarcomere (shortening the muscle fiber)
Sliding-Filament phases - Answer Resting Phase
Excitation-contraction coupling phase
Contraction phase
Recharge phase
Relaxation phase
-70 resting, -55 threshold
Maximal Contraction of Myofibril - Answer Low force potential due to reduced
crossbridge-actin alignment
Muscle Action Potential - Answer Release acetylcholine
Activation of ACh receptors
Production of muscle action potential
,CSCS Exam Practice Questions 2018,
NSCA CSCS - Study Review
Termination of ACh activity (rapidly broken down by AChE)
Excitation-Contraction Coupling - Answer Increase in Ca2+ concentration in the muscle
starts contraction
Decrease in Ca2+ stops it
Action Potentials causes Ca2+ to be released from the SR into the muscle cell
Muscle cell membrane pumps Ca2+ back into SR
Myosin binding sites are covered and the muscle relaxes
Contraction cycle - Answer ATP hydrolysis
Formation of cross-bridges = myosin attaches to myosin binding sites on actin
Power Stroke = crossbridges rotate, sliding the filaments
Detachment of myosin from Actin = as the next ATP binds to the myosin head the
myosin head detaches from binding site
Cycle will continue as long as ATP and Ca2+ Levels are high
Force Production of a Muscle - Answer Dictated by the number of crossbridges that are
formed between actin and myosin
Crossbridge Cycling - Answer ATP and Calcium are necessary to cycle the actin and
myosin filaments
Activation of Muscle - Answer Arrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal causes
the release of acetylcholine, once a sufficient amount of acetylcholine is released an
action potential is generated across the sarcolemma and the fiber contracts
Muscles with precision - Answer May have as few as one muscle fiber per motor nueron
Muscles that require less precision - Answer May have several hundred fibers served by
one motor neuron
All-or-None principle - Answer All the muscle fibers in a motor unit contract and develop
force at the same time
Stimulated Motor Unit - Answer Twitch
Twitch Summation
Tetanus of motor unit
Muscle Fiber types - Answer Type 1 (slow twitch)
Type 2a (fast twitch)
, CSCS Exam Practice Questions 2018,
NSCA CSCS - Study Review
Type 2x (fast-twitch)
Muscle Fibers vary in their content of myoglobin - Answer Red muscle fibers have HIGH
myoglobin content
White muscle fibers have LOW myoglobin content
Type 1 - Answer Slow Oxidative fibers
Smallest in diameter
Least powerful
Red muscle fiber
Generate ATP by aerobic cellular respiration
High Resistant to fatigue
Posture, endurance-type activities
Type 2a - Answer Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers
Intermediate in diameter
Red muscle fiber
Generate ATP by cellular respiration and anaerobic glycolysis
Moderate resistance to fatigue
Type 2x - Answer Fast Glycolytic Fibers
Largest in diameter
Generate most powerful contractions
White muscle fiber
Few blood capillaries/mitochondria
Generate ATP through Glycolysis
Fatigue quickly
Intense anaerobic movements of short duration
Motor Units Composed of - Answer Muscle fibers with specific morphological and
physiological characteristics that determine their functional capacity
Force Output Variation - Answer Change in frequency of activation of individual motor
units of the number of activated motor units
Proprioceptors - Answer Specialized sensory receptors that provide the central nervous
system with information needed to maintain muscle tone and perform complex
coordinated movements
Muscle Spindles - Answer When a muscle is stretched the muscle spindle activates the
sensory neuron, sends an impulse to the spinal cord, synapses with motor neuron
causing muscle to contract
