Neuro System short answer questions
What are the two great controlling systems of the body? - answer nervous system and
endocrine system
Explain both the structural and functional classification of the nervous system. Include in
your explanation the subdivisions of each. - answer The structural classification includes
all the nervous system organs. The major subdivisions are the central nervous system
which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which is
mainly nerves.
List the structures of the CNS and PNS - answer CNS: Brain, Spinal Cord, PNS: Cranial
and spinal nerves, ganglia
Two major cell groups make up the nervous system- neurons and connective tissue
cells such as astrocytes and Schwann cells. Which are "nervous" cells? Why? What are
the major functions of the other cell group? - answer neurons are the "neurons cells";
they exhibit irritability and conductivity. The major functions of the glia are protecting,
support, myelination, and a nutritive/metabolic function relative to the neurons. Schwann
cells are myelinating cells in the peripheral nervous system.
Give the basis for the functional classification of neurons. - answer Based on the
general direction of the impulse, that is, toward (afferent) or away from (efferent) the
CNS, and whether or not the neuron is a connecting neuron (interneuron) in the
afferent/efferent pathways.
Briefly explain how nerve impulses are initiated and transmitted, and why one-way
conduction at synapses always happen. - answer A threshold stimulus causes a change
in membrane permeabilitythat allows Na+ to enter the neuron through sodium gates.
This causes local depolarization and generates the action potential, which is then self-
propagating. This event is quickly followed by a second permeability change that
restricts Na+ entry but allows K+ to leave the neuron.
Name four types of cutaneous sensory receptors. Which of the cutaneous receptor
types is most numerous? Why? - answer Pain receptors; Pacinian corpuscles (deep
pressure) and Meissner's corpuscles (light pressure); temperature receptors (e.g.
Krause end bulbs [cold] and ruffini's corpuscles [heat]) The pain receptors are most
numerous because pain indicates actual or possible tissue damage.
What is a reflex arc? Name its minimum components. - answer A reflex arc is a neural
pathway over which a reflex occurs. The minimum number of components is five (a
receptor, an afferent neuron, an integration center, an efferent neuron, and an effector)
What are the two great controlling systems of the body? - answer nervous system and
endocrine system
Explain both the structural and functional classification of the nervous system. Include in
your explanation the subdivisions of each. - answer The structural classification includes
all the nervous system organs. The major subdivisions are the central nervous system
which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which is
mainly nerves.
List the structures of the CNS and PNS - answer CNS: Brain, Spinal Cord, PNS: Cranial
and spinal nerves, ganglia
Two major cell groups make up the nervous system- neurons and connective tissue
cells such as astrocytes and Schwann cells. Which are "nervous" cells? Why? What are
the major functions of the other cell group? - answer neurons are the "neurons cells";
they exhibit irritability and conductivity. The major functions of the glia are protecting,
support, myelination, and a nutritive/metabolic function relative to the neurons. Schwann
cells are myelinating cells in the peripheral nervous system.
Give the basis for the functional classification of neurons. - answer Based on the
general direction of the impulse, that is, toward (afferent) or away from (efferent) the
CNS, and whether or not the neuron is a connecting neuron (interneuron) in the
afferent/efferent pathways.
Briefly explain how nerve impulses are initiated and transmitted, and why one-way
conduction at synapses always happen. - answer A threshold stimulus causes a change
in membrane permeabilitythat allows Na+ to enter the neuron through sodium gates.
This causes local depolarization and generates the action potential, which is then self-
propagating. This event is quickly followed by a second permeability change that
restricts Na+ entry but allows K+ to leave the neuron.
Name four types of cutaneous sensory receptors. Which of the cutaneous receptor
types is most numerous? Why? - answer Pain receptors; Pacinian corpuscles (deep
pressure) and Meissner's corpuscles (light pressure); temperature receptors (e.g.
Krause end bulbs [cold] and ruffini's corpuscles [heat]) The pain receptors are most
numerous because pain indicates actual or possible tissue damage.
What is a reflex arc? Name its minimum components. - answer A reflex arc is a neural
pathway over which a reflex occurs. The minimum number of components is five (a
receptor, an afferent neuron, an integration center, an efferent neuron, and an effector)
