Final Exam Review Nurs 6531 Deck 1
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)? - answer Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), hyponatremia,
concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine osmolality, mental
status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - answer Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - answer diluted with low osmolality and
hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased
urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase
from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - answer Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes
out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or
biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should
be offered prior to discharge? - answer Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and
Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - answer hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - answer Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be
exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - answer hypertension, truncal obesity,
osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical
insufficiency? - answer Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical
insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - answer A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the
upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Chovstek's sign? - answer A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial
nerve below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Babinski's sign? - answer An upward response (extension) of the hallux when
the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord
disease in adults.
What is Romberg's sign? - answer Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed.
Usually indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
, Final Exam Review Nurs 6531 Deck 1
What is Homan's sign? - answer pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with
DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - answer Urinalysis:
Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - answer Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular
basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - answer Hospitalization, pulse dose of
steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease - answer Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral
show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - answer Proteus mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - answer Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability? - answer Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - answer "Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have? - answer Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities? - answer peaked T-waves,
wide QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of an
MI at age 45. What is his most likely diagnosis? - answer Heterozygous familial
hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates: - answer Diabetes
What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy? - answer smoking, previous tubal surgery,
previous ectopic pregnancy, exposure to diethylibestrol, current IUD, PID, advanced
maternal age, infertilitiy for more than 2 years.
What hormones are most critical to replace in a patient at risk for anterior pituitary
insufficiency? - answer Glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormone
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)? - answer Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), hyponatremia,
concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine osmolality, mental
status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - answer Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - answer diluted with low osmolality and
hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased
urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase
from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - answer Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes
out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or
biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should
be offered prior to discharge? - answer Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and
Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - answer hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - answer Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be
exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - answer hypertension, truncal obesity,
osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical
insufficiency? - answer Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical
insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - answer A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the
upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Chovstek's sign? - answer A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial
nerve below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Babinski's sign? - answer An upward response (extension) of the hallux when
the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord
disease in adults.
What is Romberg's sign? - answer Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed.
Usually indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
, Final Exam Review Nurs 6531 Deck 1
What is Homan's sign? - answer pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with
DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - answer Urinalysis:
Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - answer Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular
basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - answer Hospitalization, pulse dose of
steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease - answer Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral
show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - answer Proteus mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - answer Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability? - answer Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - answer "Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have? - answer Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities? - answer peaked T-waves,
wide QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of an
MI at age 45. What is his most likely diagnosis? - answer Heterozygous familial
hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates: - answer Diabetes
What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy? - answer smoking, previous tubal surgery,
previous ectopic pregnancy, exposure to diethylibestrol, current IUD, PID, advanced
maternal age, infertilitiy for more than 2 years.
What hormones are most critical to replace in a patient at risk for anterior pituitary
insufficiency? - answer Glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormone
