LIBERTY UNIVERSIRTY PSYC 255 REVIEW 5 QUESTIONS AND ANSWER

 Question 1 2 out of 2 points During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing. During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi. Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting. The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting. This is an example of what type of research design? Selected Answer: within subjects design  Question 2 2 out of 2 points You want to replicate Barlett et al.’s research on amount of blood in a video game and measures of aggression. Your independent variable has 4 levels: maximum blood, medium blood, low blood, and no blood. You want to conduct a between subjects design. How many total participants will you need if you want 10 participants in each level of the IV? Selected Answer: 40  Question 3 2 out of 2 points A research matrix is __________. Selected Answer: a visual representation of a research design.  Question 4 2 out of 2 points Dr. Roberts with the Mayo Clinic conducted a study on individuals between the ages of 70– 89 and found differences in men and women. In this example, gender of participant was the __________. Selected Answer: between subjects variable.  Question 5 2 out of 2 points We discussed a study known as the Stroop effect. Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study. Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete. Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task. What is the dependent variable in this study? Selected Answer: the time to complete the task  Question 6 2 out of 2 points When the effects of a prior treatment condition influences subsequent treatment conditions, a researcher is faced with this disadvantage to a within subject design. Selected Answer: carryover effects  Question 7 2 out of 2 points Suppose we used a between subjects design to see if caffeine influenced levels of alertness. We had three groups of participants: participants who received 8 ounces of a caffeinated beverage, participants who received 24 ounces of a caffeinated beverage, and participants who received no caffeine. If this was a between subjects design with 30 total participants, how many participants would be in each condition? Selected Answer: 10  Question 8 2 out of 2 points Which of the following statements regarding a between subjects design is correct? Selected Answer: Participants are exposed to only one level of the independent variable.  Question 9 2 out of 2 points William the researcher conducted a study on monitor size and reaction time. The research matrix is given below. 17 inch 19 inch 21 inch 25 participants 25 participants 25 participants If you wanted to give every participant in the study a piece of paper with the contact information of the researchers, how many pieces of paper will you need for this between subjects design? Selected Answer: 75  Question 10 2 out of 2 points Which disadvantage to within subjects designs involves a participant dropping out of a study or not returning to complete additional parts to a study? Selected Answer: attrition  Question 11 2 out of 2 points In a within subjects design, all participants are exposed to all levels of the independent variable. A major concern to the participants going through all levels of the independent variable is becoming tired of participating in the study. What disadvantage is being described here? Selected Answer: fatigue  Question 12 2 out of 2 points Participants experiencing the same order of presentation of the levels of the independent variable can lead to __________. Selected Answer: order effects.  Question 13 2 out of 2 points Recall the research conducted by Bartlett et al. (2005) on the influence of action figures on male body image. If Barlett exposed participants to the three conditions in the same manner and found that scores on the third condition always decreased, he might be concerned about _________. Selected Answer: order effects.  Question 14 2 out of 2 points Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games. The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music. The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music. How many levels are there to the independent variable in this study? Selected Answer: 3  Question 15 2 out of 2 points While conducting her within subjects design, Geraldine notices that participants are failing to fully complete the last level of the independent variable. Specifically, subjects are leaving questions blank and do not appear to be placing as much effort into the study as they were in the first level of the independent variable. Geraldine is seeing what disadvantage to using a within subjects design? Selected Answer: fatigue  Question 16 2 out of 2 points Conner is conducting a within subjects design with four levels to his independent variable. Conner has ¼ of the participants complete each level in ABCD order, a ¼ of participants in BCDA order, a ¼ of participants in CDAB order, and a ¼ of participants in DABC order. What is Conner using to limit order effects? Selected Answer: counterbalancing  Question 17 2 out of 2 points We discussed a study known as the Stroop effect. Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study. Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete. Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task. What is the independent variable in this study? Selected Answer: the stimuli in the study  Question 18 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is not a disadvantage to a between subjects design? Selected Answer: attrition  Question 19 2 out of 2 points In a __________, participants will be exposed to only one level of the independent variable. Selected Answer: between subjects design  Question 20 2 out of 2 points What kind of study uses a methodology in which participants are matched on a particular characteristic before being assigned to the different levels of the independent variable? Selected Answer: matched subjects design  Question 21 2 out of 2 points A within subject design will use _____________ participants than/as a between subjects design. Selected Answer: fewer  Question 22 2 out of 2 points During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing. During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi. Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting. The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting. What is the dependent variable in this study? Selected Answer: reported taste of the drinks  Question 23 2 out of 2 points Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games. The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music. The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music. What is the dependent variable in this study? Selected Answer: the participant’s performance on the computer games  Question 24 2 out of 2 points Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games. The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music. The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music. This is an example of what type of design? Selected Answer: within subjects design  Question 25 2 out of 2 points Katie is conducting a within subjects design. Her independent variable has 2 levels that must occur 1 week apart. In the first session during the first week, Katie has 120 participants. However, a week later when the second session occurs, Katie only has 85 participants show up for the study. What disadvantage to within subject designs is Katie encountering? Selected Answer: attrition  Question 26 2 out of 2 points April has 4 levels to her independent variable. She has participants in her study complete part A, followed by B, C, and then D. When she analyzes her data, she notices that level D is always different from the rest of the levels. April is most likely encountering what effect? Selected Answer: order effect  Question 27 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is not a disadvantage of a within subjects design? Selected Answer: fewer participants  Question 28 2 out of 2 points Dr. Herrman recommends that his students take the practice GRE before registering to take the real GRE. Dr. Herrman makes this recommendation because he knows that __________ can increase performance on subsequent experiences with the same tasks. Selected Answer: practice effects  Question 29 2 out of 2 points Janiszewski and Uy (2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios. All 43 participants each read all 10 scenarios. In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants. Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point (anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario (adjustment). This is an example of what type of design? Selected Answer: within subjects design  Question 30 2 out of 2 points Carefully review the research matrix presented below. If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment? No Caffeine 8 Ounces 24 Ounces 10 participants 10 participants 10 participants Selected Answer: 10