AGNP BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS
Assessment Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat (166
Questions with Answers and Explanations).
, AGNP BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS Assessment Eye, Ear, Nose
and Throat (166 Questions with Answers and Explanations).
Question:
Ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus reveals small, rounded, slightly irregular red spots
embedded in the retina. These findings are consistent with:
superficial retinal hemorrhages.
preretinal hemorrhages.
microaneurysms.
deep retinal hemorrhages. Correct
Explanation:
Deep retinal hemorrhages appear as small, rounded, slightly irregular red spots and are
sometimes called dot or blot hemorrhages. They occur in a deeper layer of the retina than flame-
shaped hemorrhages. Diabetes is a common cause. Superficial retinal hemorrhages appear as
small, linear, flame-shaped, red streaks in the fundi and are seen in hypertension, papilledema,
and occlusion of the retinal vein. Preretinal hemorrhages lie anteriorly between the retina and the
vitreous and are typically larger than retinal hemorrhages. These hemorrhages obscure any
underlying retinal vessel. Microaneurysms present as tiny, round, red spots commonly seen in
and around the macular area. These are classic in diabetic retinopathy.
Question:
The whispered voice test allows the examiner to screen for:
low frequency hearing loss.
high frequency hearing loss.
general hearing loss. Correct
conductive hearing loss.
Explanation:
,The whispered voice test for auditory acuity and allows the examiner to screen for general
hearing loss. In the elderly who have presbycusis, high frequency hearing loss is present. Since
consonants are higher frequency sounds than vowels, these sounds are often missed.
Question:
On examination of the tympanic membrane, a red bulging ear drum is detected. This is consistent
with:
acute otitis externa.
chronic otitis externa.
acute otitis media. Correct
a serous effusion.
Explanation:
A red bulging tympanic membrane may be found in a patient who has acute otitis media. In acute
otitis externa, the canal may be swollen, narrow, moist and pale with tenderness on touching.
The ear drum is intact. In chronic otitis externa, the skin of the canal may be thickened, red, and
pruritic. The ear drum is usually unaffected. With serous effusion the ear drum appears amber
and there usually is no bulging of the eardrum.
Question:
One of the refractive errors of vision that presents with symptoms of blurriness and improved
with corrective lens, is known as:
hyperopia.
myopia.
strabismus.
astigmatism. Correct
Explanation:
Myopia, nearsightedness, occurs when light rays focus anterior to the retina. Hyperopia,
farsightedness, occurs when light rays focus posterior to the retina. Strabismus, heterotropia, is a
condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. In astigmatism, light rays
do not focus correctly on the retina. This causes blurriness.
, Question:
Miosis is a term used to describe:
the shape of the pupils.
constriction of the pupils. Correct
dilation of the pupils.
symmetry of the pupils.
Explanation:
Miosis refers to constriction of the pupils, mydriasis refers to dilation. Miosis is not associated
with the shape or symmetry of the pupils.
Question:
Otosclerosis is an example of a(n):
conductive hearing loss. Correct
sensorineural hearing loss.
mixed hearing loss.
acquired hearing loss.
Explanation:
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disorder of the labyrinthine capsule in which abnormal bone growth
occurs around the ossicles resulting in fixation of the stapes. The stapes does not vibrate which
reduces sound transmission to the inner ear. This produces a conductive hearing loss.
Question:
Drooping of the upper eyelid is termed:
an epicanthal fold.
ptosis. Correct
a retracted lid.
ectropion.
Explanation:
Ptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid and can be caused by myasthenia gravis, damage to the
oculomotor nerve, or to the sympathetic nerve supply (Horner's syndrome). A weakened muscle,
relaxed tissues, and the weight of herniated fat may cause senile ptosis. Ptosis can also be
Assessment Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat (166
Questions with Answers and Explanations).
, AGNP BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS Assessment Eye, Ear, Nose
and Throat (166 Questions with Answers and Explanations).
Question:
Ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus reveals small, rounded, slightly irregular red spots
embedded in the retina. These findings are consistent with:
superficial retinal hemorrhages.
preretinal hemorrhages.
microaneurysms.
deep retinal hemorrhages. Correct
Explanation:
Deep retinal hemorrhages appear as small, rounded, slightly irregular red spots and are
sometimes called dot or blot hemorrhages. They occur in a deeper layer of the retina than flame-
shaped hemorrhages. Diabetes is a common cause. Superficial retinal hemorrhages appear as
small, linear, flame-shaped, red streaks in the fundi and are seen in hypertension, papilledema,
and occlusion of the retinal vein. Preretinal hemorrhages lie anteriorly between the retina and the
vitreous and are typically larger than retinal hemorrhages. These hemorrhages obscure any
underlying retinal vessel. Microaneurysms present as tiny, round, red spots commonly seen in
and around the macular area. These are classic in diabetic retinopathy.
Question:
The whispered voice test allows the examiner to screen for:
low frequency hearing loss.
high frequency hearing loss.
general hearing loss. Correct
conductive hearing loss.
Explanation:
,The whispered voice test for auditory acuity and allows the examiner to screen for general
hearing loss. In the elderly who have presbycusis, high frequency hearing loss is present. Since
consonants are higher frequency sounds than vowels, these sounds are often missed.
Question:
On examination of the tympanic membrane, a red bulging ear drum is detected. This is consistent
with:
acute otitis externa.
chronic otitis externa.
acute otitis media. Correct
a serous effusion.
Explanation:
A red bulging tympanic membrane may be found in a patient who has acute otitis media. In acute
otitis externa, the canal may be swollen, narrow, moist and pale with tenderness on touching.
The ear drum is intact. In chronic otitis externa, the skin of the canal may be thickened, red, and
pruritic. The ear drum is usually unaffected. With serous effusion the ear drum appears amber
and there usually is no bulging of the eardrum.
Question:
One of the refractive errors of vision that presents with symptoms of blurriness and improved
with corrective lens, is known as:
hyperopia.
myopia.
strabismus.
astigmatism. Correct
Explanation:
Myopia, nearsightedness, occurs when light rays focus anterior to the retina. Hyperopia,
farsightedness, occurs when light rays focus posterior to the retina. Strabismus, heterotropia, is a
condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. In astigmatism, light rays
do not focus correctly on the retina. This causes blurriness.
, Question:
Miosis is a term used to describe:
the shape of the pupils.
constriction of the pupils. Correct
dilation of the pupils.
symmetry of the pupils.
Explanation:
Miosis refers to constriction of the pupils, mydriasis refers to dilation. Miosis is not associated
with the shape or symmetry of the pupils.
Question:
Otosclerosis is an example of a(n):
conductive hearing loss. Correct
sensorineural hearing loss.
mixed hearing loss.
acquired hearing loss.
Explanation:
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disorder of the labyrinthine capsule in which abnormal bone growth
occurs around the ossicles resulting in fixation of the stapes. The stapes does not vibrate which
reduces sound transmission to the inner ear. This produces a conductive hearing loss.
Question:
Drooping of the upper eyelid is termed:
an epicanthal fold.
ptosis. Correct
a retracted lid.
ectropion.
Explanation:
Ptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid and can be caused by myasthenia gravis, damage to the
oculomotor nerve, or to the sympathetic nerve supply (Horner's syndrome). A weakened muscle,
relaxed tissues, and the weight of herniated fat may cause senile ptosis. Ptosis can also be
