Pharmacology Nursing
1. What are the major functions of the α1 receptor?
Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction, increase pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis),
increase intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction
2. What are the major functions of the α2 receptor?
Decrease sympathetic outflow, decrease insulin release, decrease lipolysis, increase platelet aggregation,
decrease aqueous humor production
3. What are the major functions of the β1 receptor?
Increase heart rate, increase contractility, increase renin release, increase lipolysis
4. What are the major functions of the β2 receptor?
Vasodilation, bronchodilation, increase lipolysis, increase insulin release, decrease uterine tone
(tocolysis), ciliary muscle relaxation, increase aqueous humor production
5. What are the major functions of the M1 receptor?
CNS, enteric nervous system
6. What are the major functions of the M2 receptor?
Decrease heart rate and contractility of atria
7. What are the major functions of the M3 receptor?
Increase exocrine gland secretions (e.g., lacrimal, salivary, gastric acid), increase gut peristalsis, increase
bladder contraction, increase bronchoconstriction, pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (miosis),
ciliary muscle contraction (accommodation)
8. What are the major functions of the D1 receptor?
Relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle
9. What are the major functions of the D2 receptor?
Modulates transmitter release, especially in the brain
10. What are the major functions of the H1 receptor?
Increase nasal and bronchial mucus production, increase vascular permeability, contraction of
bronchioles, pruritis, pain
,11. What are the major functions of the H2 receptor?
Increase gastric acid secretion
12. What are the major functions of the V1 receptor?
Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction
13. What are the major functions of the V2 receptor?
Increase H2O permeability and reabsorption in collecting tubules of kidney (V2 is found in the "2"
kidneys)
14. What receptors are associate with Gq?
H1, α1, V1, M1, and M3
15. What receptors are associated with Gs?
H2, B1, B2, V2, D1
16. What receptors are associated with Gi?
M2, α2, D2
Bethanechol
Direct cholinergic agonist
Activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle
Used in postoperative and neurogenic ileus
Resistant to AChE
Carbachol
Direct cholinergic agonist
Carbon copy of acetylcholine
Constricts pupils and relieves intraocular pressure in glaucoma
Methacholine
Direct cholinergic agonist
Stimulates muscarinic receptors in airways when inhaled
Used as a challenge test for diagnosis of asthma
, Pilocarpine
Direct cholinergic agonist
Contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open angle glaucoma), contracts pupillary sphincter (closed angle
glaucoma)
Potent stimulator of sweat, tears and saliva
AChE resistant
Donepezil
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Alzheimer disease
Galantamine
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Alzheimer disease
Rivastigmine
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Alzheimer disease
Edrophonium
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Historically used to diagnose myasthenia gravis (MG is now diagnosed by anti-AChR Ab test.
Neostigmine
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Used in postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, and
postoperative reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade
Physostigmine
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Used in anticholinergic toxicity
Crosses the blood-brain barrier (CNS)
1. What are the major functions of the α1 receptor?
Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction, increase pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis),
increase intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction
2. What are the major functions of the α2 receptor?
Decrease sympathetic outflow, decrease insulin release, decrease lipolysis, increase platelet aggregation,
decrease aqueous humor production
3. What are the major functions of the β1 receptor?
Increase heart rate, increase contractility, increase renin release, increase lipolysis
4. What are the major functions of the β2 receptor?
Vasodilation, bronchodilation, increase lipolysis, increase insulin release, decrease uterine tone
(tocolysis), ciliary muscle relaxation, increase aqueous humor production
5. What are the major functions of the M1 receptor?
CNS, enteric nervous system
6. What are the major functions of the M2 receptor?
Decrease heart rate and contractility of atria
7. What are the major functions of the M3 receptor?
Increase exocrine gland secretions (e.g., lacrimal, salivary, gastric acid), increase gut peristalsis, increase
bladder contraction, increase bronchoconstriction, pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (miosis),
ciliary muscle contraction (accommodation)
8. What are the major functions of the D1 receptor?
Relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle
9. What are the major functions of the D2 receptor?
Modulates transmitter release, especially in the brain
10. What are the major functions of the H1 receptor?
Increase nasal and bronchial mucus production, increase vascular permeability, contraction of
bronchioles, pruritis, pain
,11. What are the major functions of the H2 receptor?
Increase gastric acid secretion
12. What are the major functions of the V1 receptor?
Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction
13. What are the major functions of the V2 receptor?
Increase H2O permeability and reabsorption in collecting tubules of kidney (V2 is found in the "2"
kidneys)
14. What receptors are associate with Gq?
H1, α1, V1, M1, and M3
15. What receptors are associated with Gs?
H2, B1, B2, V2, D1
16. What receptors are associated with Gi?
M2, α2, D2
Bethanechol
Direct cholinergic agonist
Activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle
Used in postoperative and neurogenic ileus
Resistant to AChE
Carbachol
Direct cholinergic agonist
Carbon copy of acetylcholine
Constricts pupils and relieves intraocular pressure in glaucoma
Methacholine
Direct cholinergic agonist
Stimulates muscarinic receptors in airways when inhaled
Used as a challenge test for diagnosis of asthma
, Pilocarpine
Direct cholinergic agonist
Contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open angle glaucoma), contracts pupillary sphincter (closed angle
glaucoma)
Potent stimulator of sweat, tears and saliva
AChE resistant
Donepezil
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Alzheimer disease
Galantamine
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Alzheimer disease
Rivastigmine
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Alzheimer disease
Edrophonium
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Historically used to diagnose myasthenia gravis (MG is now diagnosed by anti-AChR Ab test.
Neostigmine
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Used in postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, and
postoperative reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade
Physostigmine
Anticholinesterse - increases ACh
Used in anticholinergic toxicity
Crosses the blood-brain barrier (CNS)
