Summary NR 507 FINAL EXAM REVIEW.pdf

LoweriextremityiDVTimostiofteniresultsifromiimpairedivenousireturni(eg, iiniimmobilized ipatients), iendothelialiinjuryioridysfunctioni(eg, iafterilegifractures), ihypercoagulability UpperiextremityiDVTioccasionallyioccursiasipartiofisuperiorivenaicavai(SVC)isyndromeior iresultsifromiaihypercoagulableistateiorisubclavianiveinicompressioniatitheithoracicioutlet. iThe icompressionimayibeidueitoiainormaliorianiaccessoryifirstiribiorifibrousibandi(thoracicioutlet isyndrome)iorioccuriduringistrenuousiarmiactivityi(effortithrombosis, ioriPaget-Schroetter isyndrome, iwhichiaccountsifori1itoi4%iofiupperiextremityiDVTicases). Deep ivenousithrombosisiusually ibeginsiin ivenousivalve icusps. iThrombiiconsist iofithrombin, ifibrin, iand iRBCsiwith irelatively ifew iplateletsi(red ithrombi); iwithout itreatment, ithrombi imay ipropagateiproximallyioritravelitoitheilungs. VICHOW’SiTRIAD ThreeifactorsiareiknowniasiVirchow’s • Bloodiflow • Theivesseliwalls • Bloodicomponents iTheifeaturesiofiVirchow’sitriad • Circulatoryistasisi–iabnormalitiesiofihemorheologyianditurbulenceiativesselibifurcations iandistenoticiregions • Vasculariwalliinjuryi–iabnormalitiesiinitheiendothelium, isuchiasiatherosclerosisiand iassociatedivasculariinflammation • Hypercoagulableistatei–iabnormalitiesiinicoagulationiandifibrinolyticipathwaysiandiin iplateletifunctioniassociatediwithianiincreasediriskiofiVTEiandiothericardiovascular idiseasesi(includingiCADiandiheartifailure, iandistrokeiinipatientsiwithiAF)