BIOD 171 Portage Final Exam (NEW) Questions and Answers elaborations | Download To Score An A

Final Exam AtemptHistory Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 74 minutes 110 out of 120 * * Some questions not yet graded WhichofthefolowingareconsideredProtista?Selectalthatap ly . Yeast Algae Bacteria Amoeba TrueorFalse:AdefiningcharacteristicofProtistaistheinabilityofcoloniestoform tissuelayers. True False Thefunctionoftheribosomeis(selectalthatap ly): Wastedisposalviahydrolyticenzymes Toproduceenergy(ATP) Proteinsynthesis Ribosomesarelocatedinthecytoplasm ofprokaryoticcelsandintheERofeukaryoticcels. Lipidsynthesis Proteinmodificationanddistribution Identifythefolowingcelularcomponentsbymatchingthenumberwiththedescription. A.Roughendoplasmicreticulum B.Golgiap aratus C.Nucleus D.Celwal E.Plasmamembrane F.Centriole G.Lysosome 1 2 3 E 4 B 5 A Thecombinationofthecelmembraneandtheoutermembraneisreferredtoasthe (selectalthatap ly): Celenvelope Thecelwalisalsoknownasthe'outermembrane'anddoesnotap ly.Acapsidisrelativetoa virus.Theouterleafletisonlyapartialdescriptionofthecelmembrane. Outerleaflet Capsid Celwal ThefunctionoftheGolgis(selectalthatap ly): CorectAnswer Proteinmodificationanddistribution Toproduceenergy(ATP) Wastedisposalviahydrolyticenzymes Lipidsynthesis Proteinsynthesis TrueorFalse.Almulticelularmicro rganismsclassifiedasAnimaliaareautotropic. True False Theyareheterotropic. HowmanyATPdoesthetricarboxylicacid(TCA)cycleproduceperpyruvate? CorectAnswer 1ATP 2ATP 4ATP 34ATP Intheabsenceofglucose,whichofthefolowingcan otbeusedasalternativeenergy sources?Selectalthatap ly. Carbohydrates Nucleicacids Lactose Fatyacidchains TrueorFalse.Theβ-oxidationpathwayisresponsiblefortheanabolism ofatyacid chains. True False Theβ-oxidationpathwayisresponsibleforthecatabolism ofatyacidchains. TrueorFalse:Chloroplastsarespecifictoalgaeandplants. True False Theprocessofphotophosphorylationproduceswhichofthefolowing:selectalthat ap ly. CO2 H2O Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate NADPH ATP Whatisoneofthemainfunctionsoflightreactions? YourAnswer: Itsmainfunctionistogeneratemoreenergyintheform ofATPfrom thephotons. Similartotheelectrontransportchain,oneofitsmainfunctionsistogeneratea protonconcentrationgradientogenerateATP. TrueorFalse:Darkreactionscanocurinthepresenceorabsenceoflight. True Theterm ‘darkreactions’(alsoknownastheCalvinCycle)simplydenotesthesecondstagein photosynthesis—darkreactionsdonotactualyrequiredarknessinordertoocur. False TrueorFalse:FolowingthedecolorizationstepoftheGram stain,Gram-Negative bacteriawilap earcolorless. True Eventogether,theLPSandthinpeptidoglycanlayerareunabletoretainthecrystalvioletdye duringdecolorization. False Nameonesubstancecapableofchemicalyfixingcelstoaslide. YourAnswer: Ethanolormethanol. Anyofthefolowingaretrue:Paraformaldehyde,ethanolormethanol. Youwantoobservethesizeandshapeofacel.Whatistheeasieststainingtechnique thatyoucouldperform?Nameatleastonedyeyouwoulduseduringthisprocess. YourAnswer: Simplestrain.Wecanusesafraninorfuschindyecanbeused. Simplestain.Youcoulduseanyofthefolowing:methyleneblue,crystalviolet, safraninorfuschin. YoususpectapatientmayhaveTB.Onceasamplehasbe nobtained,itissentoffto thelabforanacid-faststain.IfthepatientwereinfectedwithTB,describewhatyou wouldexpectose onthestainedslide. YourAnswer: Wewouldexpectose theredcels(TB+)onthebluebackgroundwhichisTB (negative).UseualyredstaininthebluebacgroundconfirmsTBinfection. Youwouldexpectose redcels(TB+)onabluebackground(TBnegative). TrueorFalse:Ifapatientissuspectedofhavingmalaria,aGiemsastainwouldbean ap ropriatedifferentialtestoperform. True Giemsastainsareoftenusedintheclinicalsetingtoaidinthediagnosisofblo dparasites. False Identifywhatypeofelectronmicroscopewasusedtocapturethefolowingimageand explainyourchoice. YourAnswer: TheimageshowniscapturedbyaTEM (TransmissionElectronMicroscope),Eventhe image20nm isvisibleanditssubcelularstructureisalsovisible.Theimagelacksthe outside"shel"asitcangive2D-images. TheaboveimageiscapturedviaaTransmis ionElectronMicroscope(TEM).Even at20nm resolution(insetimage),subcelularsubstructuresarestilvisible.The imagelackstheoutside‘shel’onlyap earanceofSEM. TrueorFalse.Thepurposeofaquadrantstreakistoexpandabacterialpopulation. True CorectAnswer False Whenperformingaquadrantstreak,thesampleisspreadacrosstheplateinsuchas wayastoform what? YourAnswer: Thedilutiongradientisformed.Theresultinggradientshouldcontainwithinthegrowth ofindiviualcolonies. Weusebackandforthmotiontocreategrowth. Adilutiongradientisformed.Theresultinggradientshouldalwayscontainwithin ithegrowthofindividualcolonies. Inwhatphaseofadilutionstreakwouldyouexpectofindthelowestconcentrationof bacteria,P2orP4? YourAnswer: P4(Phase4)dilutionwilcontainlowestconcentrationofbacteriacomparedtoP2 (Phase2). Theorderareasfolows:P1P2P3P4.TheP4zonebacteriaareweakened, thin edanddilutedandarefoundinisolatedcolonies. P4(Phase4)wouldcontainthelowestconcentrationofbacteria.Thephasesrank (from highestolowest),P1P2P3P4. TrueorFalse.Whenperformingadilutionstreakanew(orsterilized)lo pmustbeused foreachphase. True Failuretodosowouldpreventheestablishmentofadilutiongradient,asthesamebacterial concentrationwouldbespreadacrossbothphaseregions. False Thenumberofphases(3vs.4)and/orthenumberoftimesalo ppassesthrougha previousphase(pletimes)isaceptableprovidedwhathap ens? YourAnswer: Wecanacepththeeitherdeviation,providedtheresultinggradientcontainswithinthe growthofindividualcolonies.Ifthisisnotse nthanexperimentwilberepeated. Eitherdeviationisac eptableinpracticeprovidedtheresultinggradientcontains withinithegrowthofindividualcolonies—ifnot,theexperimentmustbe repeated. TrueorFalse.Torestricthegrowthofapathogenicmicrobearesearchermight decreaseanincubatorfrom 37°Cto25°C. True Pathogenicstrainsofbacteriatendtogrowfasterthannon-pathogenicstrainsat37°C,so researchersmaysetincubatorsat25°Ctorestrictitsgrowth. False Whengivenanunknownbacterialsamplethefirststepistoexpandthecurrentbacterial population.Whichform ofmediabestsuitesthisne d?Why? 1.MSAagar 2.LBmedia 3.MacConkeyagar 4.ColumbiaCNAagar YourAnswer: LBmedia.Theotheroptionsareformsofselectivemedia,whichmeanstheyinhibitsthe ltureisexpandedfirstandplacedinselectiveagar plates. CorectAnswer LBmedia.Alotheroptions(A,CandD)arealformsofselectivemedia,meaning theymaypotentialyinhibithegrowthoftheunknownsample.Theculture shouldbefirstexpandedandthenplaceontoselective/differentialagarplates. TrueorFalse.Onlydirectlyingestingthepre-formedclostridium toxin(neitherthe bacterianoritsspores)wilcausediseaseinadults. True Themature(adult)microbiotaiscapableofkilingthebacteria/spores. False TrueorFalse.Therearecurrentlynocuresfortetanus. True Althoughthesymptomscanbetreateditisonlytomanagethediscomfortnotocure. False Thealpha-toxinperfringolysinisassociatedwithwhichmedicalconditioncausedby Gram-positiveanaerobicbacteria? Tetanus Botulism Leprosy Gasgangrene Thebacterium thatproducesthealphatoxinperfringolysinisaptlynamedClostridium perfringens. TrueorFalse.Pneumonicplagueisoftencharacterizedbypainfulyswolenlymph nodes. True False Pneumonicplaguetargetstherespiratorysystem whilebubonictargetsthelymphsystem. Identifythefolowingdisease: Frostbite Gasgangrene Tetanus Anthrax Anthrax—thedistinctblackcenterathesiteofinfectionisahalmarkofanthraxinfection. TrueorFalse.Chlyamidaisanobligateparasiteandassuchcanbegrownonagar platesalone. True False Anobligateparasiterequiresahost(viablecels)tobepresentforitsgrowth. TrueorFalse.Similartochickenpox,theblistersthatap earwithshinglescancoverthe entirebody. True False False.Unlikechickenpoxblisters,whichcanform anywhere,theblistersassociatedwith shinglesarelocalizedandlimitedtosmalareas. Whiletravelingabroad,shouldyoubeworriedaboutcomingintocontactwitheither theVariolamajororVariolaminorviruses? YourAnswer: No.Thisdiseasecausingvirushadbe neradicatedsinceOctober197 .Duetoglobal vacin ationeffort,thisdiseaseisnotactiveanymore.Itisanothernameforsmalpox virus.Weshouldnotbeworriedtravelingduetothesevirus. No.Bothvirusesarevariantsofsmalpoxandwereeradicatedin197 .Youwould notne dtoworyaboutcomingintocontactwiththevirus. Bywhom andwherewasthefirstpoliovacinedeveloped? YourAnswer: ItwasdevelopedbyJonasSalk.ThiswasdevelopedinMoscow,Russia. JonasSalkandhisresearchteam developedthepoliovac ineatheUniversityof Pitsburghin195 . Adrugcompanyistryingtodevelopanewdrugthatwilinhibithereleaseofnewly producedviralparticles.Wouldthedrugcompanytargethemaglutininproteinsor neuraminidaseproteins?Why? YourAnswer: Hemaglutininproteinwouldbethetargetsastheyaredirectlyinvolvedinviral atchmentandentryintothehost.Neuraminidaseareinvolvedinbud ingandreleaseof newviralparticles,sotheywilnotbeatarget. Neuraminidase(N)proteinsaredirectlyinvolvedinthebud ingandreleaseof newviralparticlesandwouldthusbethecorectarget.Hemag lutinin(HA) proteinswouldnotbeadvisabletargetsastheyaredirectlyinvolvedinviral atachmentandentryintothehostcel. TrueorFalse.TheviralcapsidofHIVisconeshapedandcontains~2,0 0copiesofthe viralproteinp24. CorectAnswer True False Whatsmal(~30nm)single-stranded,non-envelopedRNAvirustargetstheCNS(central nervoussystem),causingpotentialycatastrophicdamagetomotorneurons? YourAnswer: PolioorPoliomyelitis.Itentersthroughthecentalnervoussystem andreplicateand damagethemotorneurons. Polio,alsoknownaspoliomyelitis. Show Less