NUR313 PATHO MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE
Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA
b. RNA direct the synthesis of polypeptides for protein synthesis
c. RNA is synthesized from the DNA template in the nucleus
d. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence.
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of
estrogen. This process is an example of hormonal:
a. Hyperplasia
c. Hypertrophy
b. Dysplasia
d. Anaplasia
ANS: A Hormonal hyperplasia chiefly occurs in estrogen-dependent organs, such
as the uterus and breast. After ovulation, for example, estrogen stimulates the
endometrium to grow and thicken for reception of the fertilized ovum. The other
options do not accurately describe the process identified in the question
Examples of adaptive cellular responses include: (Select all that apply.)
a. Atrophy
b. Dysplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia
e. Metaplasia
ANS: A, C, D, E Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia are considered
to be adaptive cellular responses.
The predominant phagocytic cells in the later stages of an inflammatory
response are:
monocytes
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?
a. Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
b. Characterized by swelling of the nucleus and cytoplasm
, c. Unpredictable patterns of cell death
d. Results in benign malignancies
ANS: A
Apoptosis is an active process of cellular self-destruction, also known as
programmed cell death, which is implicated in normal and pathologic tissue
changes. The remaining options do not accurately describe the characteristics of
apoptosis.
What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of genetic mental
retardation?
Fragile X syndrome
What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
a. Passive-acquired immunity
b. Active-acquired immunity
c. Passive-innate immunity
d. Active-innate immunity
ANS: A
Passive-acquired immunity (passive immunity) does not involve the host's immune
response at all. Rather, passive immunity occurs when preformed antibodies or T
lymphocytes are transferred from a donor to the recipient. This transfer can occur
naturally, as in the passage of maternal antibodies across the placenta to the fetus,
or artificially, as in a clinic using immunotherapy for a specific disease. The
remaining options do not produce immunity via immunoglobulin transfer across
the placenta.
How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding
them?
Chemical messengers such as ligands
Which pathway carries sensory information toward the central nervous system
(CNS)?
a. Ascending
c. Somatic
b. Descending
d. Efferent
ANS: A
Peripheral nerve pathways can be afferent (ascending) pathways that carry sensory
Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA
b. RNA direct the synthesis of polypeptides for protein synthesis
c. RNA is synthesized from the DNA template in the nucleus
d. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence.
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of
estrogen. This process is an example of hormonal:
a. Hyperplasia
c. Hypertrophy
b. Dysplasia
d. Anaplasia
ANS: A Hormonal hyperplasia chiefly occurs in estrogen-dependent organs, such
as the uterus and breast. After ovulation, for example, estrogen stimulates the
endometrium to grow and thicken for reception of the fertilized ovum. The other
options do not accurately describe the process identified in the question
Examples of adaptive cellular responses include: (Select all that apply.)
a. Atrophy
b. Dysplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia
e. Metaplasia
ANS: A, C, D, E Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia are considered
to be adaptive cellular responses.
The predominant phagocytic cells in the later stages of an inflammatory
response are:
monocytes
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?
a. Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
b. Characterized by swelling of the nucleus and cytoplasm
, c. Unpredictable patterns of cell death
d. Results in benign malignancies
ANS: A
Apoptosis is an active process of cellular self-destruction, also known as
programmed cell death, which is implicated in normal and pathologic tissue
changes. The remaining options do not accurately describe the characteristics of
apoptosis.
What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of genetic mental
retardation?
Fragile X syndrome
What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
a. Passive-acquired immunity
b. Active-acquired immunity
c. Passive-innate immunity
d. Active-innate immunity
ANS: A
Passive-acquired immunity (passive immunity) does not involve the host's immune
response at all. Rather, passive immunity occurs when preformed antibodies or T
lymphocytes are transferred from a donor to the recipient. This transfer can occur
naturally, as in the passage of maternal antibodies across the placenta to the fetus,
or artificially, as in a clinic using immunotherapy for a specific disease. The
remaining options do not produce immunity via immunoglobulin transfer across
the placenta.
How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding
them?
Chemical messengers such as ligands
Which pathway carries sensory information toward the central nervous system
(CNS)?
a. Ascending
c. Somatic
b. Descending
d. Efferent
ANS: A
Peripheral nerve pathways can be afferent (ascending) pathways that carry sensory
