ATI MedSurg Review

ATI MedSurg Review 1. What dietary education should the nurse provide to a client diagnosed with a hiatal hernia? The nurse should discuss that the patient should avoid spicy and acidic foods, tomatoes, alcohol, and caffeine beverage. They should encourage the patient to eat fruits and vegetables like bananas, apples, green beans, broccoli, grains such as cereals (bran and oatmeal), bread, rice and low-fat dairy such as low-fat or skim milk and low-fat yogurt. 2. A nurse has provided education to a client regarding the correct way to take prescribed nitroglycerin for the treatment of angina. Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further education? "When I have angina I will stop what I am doing and sit down." "I will place the tablet under my tongue." ***"If I still have pain after 5 minutes I will take two more tablets." "If I still have pain after 5 minutes of taking my first tablet, I will call 911." 3. A nurse is caring for a client following an abdominal aortic aneurysm resection. What are three (3) postoperative nursing actions should be taken for this client? The nurse should teach the patient the importance of avoiding strenuous activity, cough with a pillow covering over the abdomen to protect the wound from op ening up, and eating a diet high in protein, zinc, Vitamin A and C to promote healing. 4. What is a potassium hydroxide (KOH) test and what specific nursing actions should be taken when obtaining fungal skin specimens? The KOH test is a test that is used to differentiate dermatophytes and Candida albicans symptoms from other skin disorders like psoriasis and eczema. A sample is collected by scraping the problem area of the skin then are placed in liquid containing the chemical potassium hydroxide (KOH). The liquid is examined under the microscope and the KOH destroys all non- fungal cells. This makes it easier to see if there is any fungus present for an easier diagnosis. 5. A nurse is caring for a client with multiple risk factors for peripheral vascular disease. List four (4) risk factors associated with peripheral vascular disease. Four risks associated with peripheral vascular disease are factors like smoking, obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. 6. What type of respiratory failure is caused by Guillain-Barre syndrome? Respiratory failure caused by Guillain-Barre syndrome is often caused by respiratory muscle weakness and therefore failure causing the need for ventilation. 7. A client with peripheral vascular disease had a below the knee amputation three months ago. The client now complains of phantom limb pain. List three (3) interventions to address the pain associated with this condition. Three interventions that the nurse can perform to address the pain could be heat application, massaging the affected area, and relaxation techniques such as breathing and music. 8. What laboratory values are associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia? The lab values that can be associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia are the overall platelet count being decreased and the heparin-PF4 antibody count being increased. 9. Fill in the Blank Multiple sclerosis can cause vision changes including diplopia, changes in peripheral vision, and decreased visual acuity_. 10. A nurse is providing education to a client with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). What are the four (4) disease management areas to review with this client? The four disease management areas to review with this client would be to avoid contact sports, consume a low salt diet, keep blood pressure less than 130/88 and the importance of the use of ACE inhibitors.