HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
Muscles
Explain the sliding filament theory.
- The sliding filament model describes the process used by muscles to
contract. It is a cycle of repetitive events that causes actin and myosin
myofilaments to slide over each other, contracting the sarcomere and
generating tension in the muscle.
Describe the pathology of muscular dystrophy.
- Over time, the dead muscle shell is replaced by a fibrofatty
infiltrate, which clinically appears as pseudohypertrophy of the
muscle. The lack of functioning muscle units causes weakness and,
eventually, contractures. Other types of MDs are caused by
alterations in the coding of one of the DAG complex proteins.
Identify the components of the neuromuscular junction.
- The neuromuscular junction comprises four cell types: the motor
neuron, terminal Schwann cell, skeletal muscle fibre and kranocyte,
with the motor neuron and muscle fibre separated by a gap called the
synaptic cleft.
HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
,HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
Compare the different types of muscular contractions.
- Concentric: The muscle tension exceeds the resistance and the muscle
shortens
- Eccentric: The tension produced is less than the resistance, and
the muscle lengthens (while still contracting)
- Isometric: The tension produced by the muscle never exceeds the
resistance, and the muscle as a whole does not change in length
Identify and describe the properties of the three types of skeletal muscle
fibres.
- Fast twitch - fast-twitch (type II) muscle fibers are built for short,
powerful bursts of energy
- Slow twitch - slow-twitch (type I) muscle fibers, which are built
for endurance activities like long-distance running or biking.
- Intermediate fibers - Intermediate filaments are one of
three types of cytoskeletal elements
Describe the differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue.
- Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and allow voluntary
movement of the body Cardiac muscle is involuntary and
found only in the heart. Skeletal
muscle is striated in regular, parallel bundles of sarcomeres.
Define intercalated discs and automaticity.
- Intercalated discs - unique structural formations found between the
HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
,HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
myocardial cells of the heart. They play vital roles in bonding
cardiac muscle cells together and in transmitting signals between
cells
- Automaticity - The ability of the heart muscles to contract
independently of each other when separated or in unison when
reattached in whole or in groups
• Also, the property of cardiac cells to generate spontaneous
action potentials. Spontaneous activity is the result of
diastolic depolarization caused by a net inward current
during phase 4 of the action potential,
which progressively brings the membrane potential to threshold.
Identify the structural and functional differences between smooth
and skeletal muscle tissue.
- Smooth muscle fibers are located in walls of hollow visceral
organs, except the heart, appear spindle-shaped, and are also under
involuntary control. Skeletal muscle fibers occur in muscles which
are attached to the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are
under voluntary control
Muscle Locations and functions
Explain the four patterns of muscle fascicle organization.
HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
, HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
- I don’t know if this answers the question but
HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
Muscles
Explain the sliding filament theory.
- The sliding filament model describes the process used by muscles to
contract. It is a cycle of repetitive events that causes actin and myosin
myofilaments to slide over each other, contracting the sarcomere and
generating tension in the muscle.
Describe the pathology of muscular dystrophy.
- Over time, the dead muscle shell is replaced by a fibrofatty
infiltrate, which clinically appears as pseudohypertrophy of the
muscle. The lack of functioning muscle units causes weakness and,
eventually, contractures. Other types of MDs are caused by
alterations in the coding of one of the DAG complex proteins.
Identify the components of the neuromuscular junction.
- The neuromuscular junction comprises four cell types: the motor
neuron, terminal Schwann cell, skeletal muscle fibre and kranocyte,
with the motor neuron and muscle fibre separated by a gap called the
synaptic cleft.
HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
,HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
Compare the different types of muscular contractions.
- Concentric: The muscle tension exceeds the resistance and the muscle
shortens
- Eccentric: The tension produced is less than the resistance, and
the muscle lengthens (while still contracting)
- Isometric: The tension produced by the muscle never exceeds the
resistance, and the muscle as a whole does not change in length
Identify and describe the properties of the three types of skeletal muscle
fibres.
- Fast twitch - fast-twitch (type II) muscle fibers are built for short,
powerful bursts of energy
- Slow twitch - slow-twitch (type I) muscle fibers, which are built
for endurance activities like long-distance running or biking.
- Intermediate fibers - Intermediate filaments are one of
three types of cytoskeletal elements
Describe the differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue.
- Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and allow voluntary
movement of the body Cardiac muscle is involuntary and
found only in the heart. Skeletal
muscle is striated in regular, parallel bundles of sarcomeres.
Define intercalated discs and automaticity.
- Intercalated discs - unique structural formations found between the
HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
,HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
myocardial cells of the heart. They play vital roles in bonding
cardiac muscle cells together and in transmitting signals between
cells
- Automaticity - The ability of the heart muscles to contract
independently of each other when separated or in unison when
reattached in whole or in groups
• Also, the property of cardiac cells to generate spontaneous
action potentials. Spontaneous activity is the result of
diastolic depolarization caused by a net inward current
during phase 4 of the action potential,
which progressively brings the membrane potential to threshold.
Identify the structural and functional differences between smooth
and skeletal muscle tissue.
- Smooth muscle fibers are located in walls of hollow visceral
organs, except the heart, appear spindle-shaped, and are also under
involuntary control. Skeletal muscle fibers occur in muscles which
are attached to the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are
under voluntary control
Muscle Locations and functions
Explain the four patterns of muscle fascicle organization.
HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
, HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
- I don’t know if this answers the question but
HKR 2311 MIDTERM 2 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPLAINED BEST GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2022
