Pharmacology 2: Cardiovascular, Renal,
Hematologic, Diabetes,
Hormones/Osteoporosis, and Anti-virals
Loop diuretics - Answer Can lead to hypokalemia
Potassium levels - Answer should be monitored with loop diuretics and potassium-
sparing diuretics
Potassium sparing diuretics - Answer Can lead to hyperkalemia
Signs and symptoms of *hypokalemia* - Answer - Lethargic
- Low, shallow respirations
- *Lethal cardiac dysthymias*
- Lots of urine (frequent and large volume)
- Leg cramps
- Limp muscles
- Low blood pressure (severe)
- Atorvastatin
- Fluvastain
- Lovastatin
- Pravastatin
- Rosuvastatin
- Simvastatin - Answer should be taken in the evening
Side effects and adverse effects of *HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors* - Answer -
Abdominal pain, HA, diarrhea, muscles and joint discomfort
- Elevation of BG
- Liver failure
- *Myopathy*
- Rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown): muscle pain, muscle weakness, stomach pain,
and brown (tea-colored) urine
- Dangerous during pregnancy (cholesterol is needed for fetus's brain development).
Don't take if you are breastfeeding.
niacin (antihyperlipidemic) - Answer Flushing of face is a very common side effect
Teaching for antihypertensive - Answer - Monitor B/P on normal basis
- ACE-I (-PRIL)/ ARBs (-SARTAN): Dry cough, Stop taking if you get pregnant
- Calcium channel blocker (-PINE): Monitor for reflex tachycardia
- Beta blockers (LOL): Don't give to patients with hx of bradycardia
Nitrates (Antianginals) - Answer - Vasodilators by relaxing vascular smooth muscle in
the peripheral venous system and reducing resistance to blood flow in arterial system
- These effects work together to help heart get more oxygen and pump more easily
, Pharmacology 2: Cardiovascular, Renal,
Hematologic, Diabetes,
Hormones/Osteoporosis, and Anti-virals
Administration of NTG Patch/ Paste - Answer - Apply patch to hairless area
- Apply new patch each morning
- Remove patch for 10-12 hours daily
Antidysrhythmthics Class V: Others (inotropic) - Answer digoxin
DIRECT Thrombin Inhibitors Drugs - Answer - Apixaban (Eliquis)
- desirudin
- dabigatran
- Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
DIRECT Thrombin Inhibitors Nursing Considerations - Answer Don't require continuous
lab monitoring
INDIRECT Thrombin Inhibitors Side Effects - Answer - Bruising
- Minor bleeding (such as nosebleeds and bleeding from cuts)
- Major bleed.
- Life-threatening bleed.
- *Stroke symptoms (Weak, Slurred Speech)*
- *HIT (Heparin induced thrombocytopenia)*
INDIRECT Thrombin Inhibitors - Answer - Have protamine sulfate (heparin) antidote
readily available in case of overdose
- Unfractionated heparin (UFH)
Vitamin K Antagonist Nursing Considerations - Answer - Patients taking heparin &
Warfarin will remain on both until warfarin reaches therapeutic level.
- Have Vitamin K (warfarin antidote) readily available in case of overdose
Anticoagulant - Answer medicines that help prevent blood clots
Foods/ OTC/ Supplements to Avoid with Anticoagulants - Answer - Leafy greens
- Ginger
- Garlic
- Ginkgo
*Ginger root, garlic, ginkgo increase effect of oral anticoagulants*
Fibrinolytic drug (thrombolytic drug) - Answer - any agent that is capable of stimulating
the dissolution of a blood clot (thrombus)
- use for thrombolytic strokes
- use them for MI before cath labs
Hematologic, Diabetes,
Hormones/Osteoporosis, and Anti-virals
Loop diuretics - Answer Can lead to hypokalemia
Potassium levels - Answer should be monitored with loop diuretics and potassium-
sparing diuretics
Potassium sparing diuretics - Answer Can lead to hyperkalemia
Signs and symptoms of *hypokalemia* - Answer - Lethargic
- Low, shallow respirations
- *Lethal cardiac dysthymias*
- Lots of urine (frequent and large volume)
- Leg cramps
- Limp muscles
- Low blood pressure (severe)
- Atorvastatin
- Fluvastain
- Lovastatin
- Pravastatin
- Rosuvastatin
- Simvastatin - Answer should be taken in the evening
Side effects and adverse effects of *HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors* - Answer -
Abdominal pain, HA, diarrhea, muscles and joint discomfort
- Elevation of BG
- Liver failure
- *Myopathy*
- Rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown): muscle pain, muscle weakness, stomach pain,
and brown (tea-colored) urine
- Dangerous during pregnancy (cholesterol is needed for fetus's brain development).
Don't take if you are breastfeeding.
niacin (antihyperlipidemic) - Answer Flushing of face is a very common side effect
Teaching for antihypertensive - Answer - Monitor B/P on normal basis
- ACE-I (-PRIL)/ ARBs (-SARTAN): Dry cough, Stop taking if you get pregnant
- Calcium channel blocker (-PINE): Monitor for reflex tachycardia
- Beta blockers (LOL): Don't give to patients with hx of bradycardia
Nitrates (Antianginals) - Answer - Vasodilators by relaxing vascular smooth muscle in
the peripheral venous system and reducing resistance to blood flow in arterial system
- These effects work together to help heart get more oxygen and pump more easily
, Pharmacology 2: Cardiovascular, Renal,
Hematologic, Diabetes,
Hormones/Osteoporosis, and Anti-virals
Administration of NTG Patch/ Paste - Answer - Apply patch to hairless area
- Apply new patch each morning
- Remove patch for 10-12 hours daily
Antidysrhythmthics Class V: Others (inotropic) - Answer digoxin
DIRECT Thrombin Inhibitors Drugs - Answer - Apixaban (Eliquis)
- desirudin
- dabigatran
- Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
DIRECT Thrombin Inhibitors Nursing Considerations - Answer Don't require continuous
lab monitoring
INDIRECT Thrombin Inhibitors Side Effects - Answer - Bruising
- Minor bleeding (such as nosebleeds and bleeding from cuts)
- Major bleed.
- Life-threatening bleed.
- *Stroke symptoms (Weak, Slurred Speech)*
- *HIT (Heparin induced thrombocytopenia)*
INDIRECT Thrombin Inhibitors - Answer - Have protamine sulfate (heparin) antidote
readily available in case of overdose
- Unfractionated heparin (UFH)
Vitamin K Antagonist Nursing Considerations - Answer - Patients taking heparin &
Warfarin will remain on both until warfarin reaches therapeutic level.
- Have Vitamin K (warfarin antidote) readily available in case of overdose
Anticoagulant - Answer medicines that help prevent blood clots
Foods/ OTC/ Supplements to Avoid with Anticoagulants - Answer - Leafy greens
- Ginger
- Garlic
- Ginkgo
*Ginger root, garlic, ginkgo increase effect of oral anticoagulants*
Fibrinolytic drug (thrombolytic drug) - Answer - any agent that is capable of stimulating
the dissolution of a blood clot (thrombus)
- use for thrombolytic strokes
- use them for MI before cath labs
