Questions and answers for A&P Lecture Exam 1 – Chapters 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Questions and answers for A&P Lecture Exam 1 – Chapters 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Questions: Chapter 1: Organization of Human Body Define anatomy and physiology 6 basic life processes 6 levels of organization (in order from smallest to largest) What is homeostasis and how do positive and negative feedbacks regulate it? Describe/show anatomical position 7 regions of body Describe and be able to show examples of anatomical terms: Anterior vs. Posterior Superior vs. Inferior Distal vs. Proximal Medial vs. Lateral Superficial vs. Deep Prone vs. Supine Ipsilateral vs. Contralateral 3 planes of body (how it can be cut) Explain 4 body cavities and what parts of body are in each Cavity membranes 9 abdominopelvic regions and 4 quadrants Chapter 4: Tissue Level of Organization 5 Cell Junction Types 4 Main Tissue Types 2 types of epithelial tissue and explain Number of layers and shape in one type 2 subtypes in other type Structural and functional classification of 2nd subtype Functions of connective tissue What does matrix consist of 3 types of loose connective tissue 3 types of dense connective tissue 4 other types of mature connective tissue 3 types of muscle tissue 2 cell types of nerve tissue Chapter 5: Integumentary System (Skin) 6 functions 4 epidermis cell types 5 epidermis layers (including one that is only in thick skin) 2 dermis layers Hypodermis functions 3 pigments for skin color and how they work 2 functions of hair Parts of hair shaft (3), root, follicle (2), bulb, and papilla Describe sebaceous glands Describe the 2 types of sudoriferous glands Describe ceruminous glands Describe 3 parts of finger/toe nail Classify 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns and explain Rule of Nines 4 phases of deep wound healing (what degree burns are these) How are scars formed? Chapter 6: Skeletal System 6 functions of bones 4 parts to a long bone 4 different types of bone tissue cells 6 parts of compact bone Where is spongy bone located and how is it different than compact bone? Through what 4 arteries do bones get their blood from? 2 methods of ossification and their steps for formation (bone tissue formation) 2 types of bone growth and where they occur Chapter 7 & 8: Skeletal System – Most learned for lab and on lab study guide Difference between axial and appendicular skeleton Axial: 5 types of bones Parts of skull and hyoid bone 5 parts of vertebral column in order (superior to inferior) with number of vertebrae each 3 parts of sternum 3 different kinds of ribs and numbers of each Appendicular: Bones of pectoral (shoulder) girdle Bones in upper limbs Bones in pelvic (hip) girdle Bones in lower limbs Chapter 9: Joints Between what structures can joint be? 2 functions of joints 2 things structural classification is based on and 3 types What is functional classification based on and 3 types Fibrous joints: What connects them and what 3 kinds are there Cartilaginous joints: What connects them and what 2 kinds are there Synovial joints: What separates the bones 3 characteristics 3 things that are part of synovial joints that take a lot of pressure Explain/demonstrate all movements at synovial joints: Gliding Angular: Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction Rotation: Lateral, medial Special: Plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, opposition, elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, supination, pronation, inversion, eversion Explain all types of synovial joints – what axial they are and an example: Plantar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue 4 functions of muscles 4 properties of muscles 3 types of muscle tissue Explain all parts of skeletal muscle tissue and how they interact with each other 3 parts of continuous sheet 3 cells 3 parts beyond cells 4 proteins on thick and thin filaments Explain sliding filament mechanism