OB Study Guide Test 1 copy Complete solution Graded A
Test 1: Ch. 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 21
Antepartum Nursing Assessment Ch. 10
Duration of Pregnancy:
- Length in terms of time:
o 9 Calendar Months
o 10 Lunar Months
o 280 days
▪ (266 days from time of ovulation)
o 40 weeks
o AT: can go a little before or a little after
- The baby starts rising out of the pelvis at about 12 weeks; at the level of the
umbilicus at 20 weeks; between 24-34 weeks the fundus measure equals to the
amount of weeks of gestation
- The baby goes up to the xiphoid process at 36 weeks. After 36 weeks it is
difficult to measure the baby's size by measurement because when the head drops
the baby goes back down towards the pelvis
Definition of Term
- Gestation: the number of weeks of pregnancy since the first day of the last
menstrual period
- Abortion: birth that occurs before the 20 weeks’ gestation or birth of a fetus-
newborn who weighs less than 500 g. An abortion may occur spontaneously or it
may be induced by medical or surgical means. If induced, it is often termed a
therapeutic abortion.
- Living: the number of children currently living.
- Term: the normal duration of pregnancy (38-42 weeks’ gestation)
- Preterm or premature labor: labor that occurs after 20 weeks’ but before
completion of 37 weeks’ gestation (end of 37 week) (before 38 weeks).
o T: 32 4/7 means 32 weeks and 4 days.
- Post-term Labor: labor that occurs after 42 weeks’ gestation.
, OB Study Guide Test 1 copy Complete solution Graded A
- Antepartum: time between conception and the onset of labor; describes the
period during which a woman is pregnant; used interchangeably with prenatal.
o AT: When the sperm and egg meet, till when you go into labor.
- Intra-partum: time from the onset of true labor until the birth of the infant and
placenta. AT: You are never in true until there are cervical changes (dilatation and
effacement). There needs to be cervical changes for you to be in true labor, push,
baby out, get rid of placenta.
- Postpartum: time from the delivery of the placenta and membranes until the
woman’s body returns to a non-pregnant condition (after 6 weeks).
- Gravida: any pregnancy, regardless of duration, including present pregnancy (#
of pregnancies). AT: even if you are pregnant for a real short time. Remember
any woman that comes in to the prenatal clinic it means they are pregnant, there’s
a baby on board and that counts as Gravida.
- Nulligravida: a woman who never been pregnant.
- Primigravida: a woman who is pregnant for the first time.
- Multigravida: a woman who is in her second or any subsequent pregnancy.
- Para: birth after 20 weeks’ gestation regardless of whether the infant is born
alive or dead. AT: Any delivery 20 weeks or greater born dead or alive.
- Nullipara: a woman who has had no births at more than 20 weeks’ gestation.
AT: Got pregnant but lost the baby before making it to 20 weeks.
- Primipara: a woman who has had one birth at more than 20 weeks’ gestation;
regardless of whether the infant was born alive or dead.
- Multipara: a woman who has had two or more births at more than 20
weeks’ gestation.
- Stillbirth: an infant born dead after 20 weeks’ gestation.
- The terms gravida and para are used in relation to pregnancies, not to the number
of fetuses. Twins, triplets, and so forth count as one pregnancy and one
birth.
o Using the detailed system, the first number, gravida, still refers to the
number of pregnancies. Para is now identified by a series of numbers
that refer to the number of term infants, preterm infants, aborted fetuses,
and living children the woman has. Triplets count as one pregnancy but
three babies.
- TPAL: KNOW!
o T: number of term infants born (number of infants born at the
completion of 37 weeks’ gestation or beyond).
o P: number of preterm infants born (number of infants born after 20 weeks
but before the completion of 37 weeks’ gestation).
o A: number of pregnancies ending in either spontaneous or therapeutic
abortion.
o L: number of children currently living.
- AT: Scenario: patient is in for her 1st checkup. She says she had a baby boy at
37 weeks. Lost set of twins at 18 weeks. Then she had a girl @ 41 weeks.
o Gravida 1 1 1 1 = 4
o Term (full term) 0 0 0 1 = 1
o Preterm 0 1 0 0 = 1
, OB Study Guide Test 1 copy Complete solution Graded A
o Abortion 0 0 1 0 = 1
o Living 0 1 0 1 = 2
- AT: Scenario: Patient is being interviewed at her 1st checkup. She says she had
triplets at 34 weeks 1 died one week later. She lost a baby at 20 weeks. Had a
girl at 39 weeks and a miscarriage at 17 weeks.
o Gravida 1 1 1 1 1 = 5
o Term 0 0 0 1 0 = 1
o Preterm 0 1 1 0 0 = 2
o Abortion 0 0 0 0 1 = 1
o Living 0 2 0 1 0 = 3
Patient Profile P. 195
- The history is essentially a screening tool to identify factors that may place the
mother or fetus at risk during the pregnancy. The following information is
obtained for each pregnant woman at the first prenatal assessment:
- Current Pregnancy:
o First day of normal menstrual period (LMP)
o Presence of cramping, bleeding, or spotting since LMP
o Woman’s opinion about the time when conception occurred and the
infant is due.
o Attitude towards pregnancy (is this pregnancy planned? Wanted? )
o Results of pregnancy test, if completed. (HCG is the hormone that makes
the pregnancy test +).
o Any discomforts since LMP such as nausea, vomiting, urinary
frequency, fatigue, breast tenderness.
- Past Pregnancies:
o Number of pregnancies
o Number of abortions
o Number of living children
o History of previous pregnancies, length of pregnancy, length of labor and
birth, type of birth (vaginal, forceps-or vacuum assisted birth, or cesarean),
location of birth, type of anesthesia used (if any), woman’s perception of
the experience, and complications (antepartum, intrapartum, and
postpartum).
o Neonatal status of previous children: apgar scores, birth weights, general
development, complications, and feeding patterns (breast milk, formula or
both).
o Loss of a child (miscarriage, elective or medically indicated abortion,
stillbirth, neonatal death).
o Blood type and Rh factor (if Rh negative, was Rh immune
globulin received after birth/miscarriage/abortion?).
- Gynecologic History:
o Date of last Pap smear; result? Any history or abnormal Pap smear; any
follow-up therapy completed
, OB Study Guide Test 1 copy Complete solution Graded A
o Previous infections; vaginal, cervical, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),
or sexually transmitted infections.
o Previous surgery (uterine, ovarian).
o Age at menarche
o Regularity, frequency, and duration or menstrual flow. History of
dysmenorrhea, history of infertility, sexual history, contraceptive
history.
- Current Medical History:
o Weight (pre-pregnancy and current), height, body mass index (BMI).
o General health, including nutrition (dietary practices such as
vegetarianisms; lactose intolerance; food allergies?) regular
exercise program (type, frequency, and duration?); monthly breast
self- examination, eye exam; date of last dental exam.
o Any medications presently being taken (including herbal).
o Previous or present use of alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine.
o Illicit drug use or abuse
o Drug allergies and other allergies (latex).
o Potential teratogenic insults to this pregnancy (viral infections, meds, x-
ray examinations, surgery, or cats in the home).
▪ Teratogen: Any biological, physical, chemical, or radioactive agent
that causes structural or functioning damage to the fetus.
▪ Anything that is harmful is teratogenic (drugs, smoking,
asbestos, liquor). Teratogenic period = first 8 weeks of
pregnancy or first trimester because all the organs are
getting made.
o Presence of disease conditions such as diabetes, HTN, cardiovascular
disease, renal problems, cancer, thyroid cancer, and Sickle Cell
Disease.
o Ask about immunization history. For example: screening for rubella is
done but not treated until after delivery (it is a live vaccine). If given
during pregnancy, the baby will be born deaf. With some vaccines
the benefit outweighs the risk.
o Presence of any abnormal S/S.
- Past Medical History:
o Childhood diseases. Past treatment for any disease condition.
Surgical procedures. Presence of bleeding disorders or tendencies
(blood transfusions).
- Family Medical History:
o Presence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, HTN,
hematologic disorders, TB, thyroid disease.
o Occurrence of multiple births.
o History of congenital diseases or deformities
o Cesarean births and cause, if known
- Genetic History: (patient, father of the child [FOC], and both families).
o Birth defects. Recurrent pregnancy loss. Stillbirth
o Down syndrome, intellectual disability, developmental
delay, chromosomal abnormalities.
Test 1: Ch. 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 21
Antepartum Nursing Assessment Ch. 10
Duration of Pregnancy:
- Length in terms of time:
o 9 Calendar Months
o 10 Lunar Months
o 280 days
▪ (266 days from time of ovulation)
o 40 weeks
o AT: can go a little before or a little after
- The baby starts rising out of the pelvis at about 12 weeks; at the level of the
umbilicus at 20 weeks; between 24-34 weeks the fundus measure equals to the
amount of weeks of gestation
- The baby goes up to the xiphoid process at 36 weeks. After 36 weeks it is
difficult to measure the baby's size by measurement because when the head drops
the baby goes back down towards the pelvis
Definition of Term
- Gestation: the number of weeks of pregnancy since the first day of the last
menstrual period
- Abortion: birth that occurs before the 20 weeks’ gestation or birth of a fetus-
newborn who weighs less than 500 g. An abortion may occur spontaneously or it
may be induced by medical or surgical means. If induced, it is often termed a
therapeutic abortion.
- Living: the number of children currently living.
- Term: the normal duration of pregnancy (38-42 weeks’ gestation)
- Preterm or premature labor: labor that occurs after 20 weeks’ but before
completion of 37 weeks’ gestation (end of 37 week) (before 38 weeks).
o T: 32 4/7 means 32 weeks and 4 days.
- Post-term Labor: labor that occurs after 42 weeks’ gestation.
, OB Study Guide Test 1 copy Complete solution Graded A
- Antepartum: time between conception and the onset of labor; describes the
period during which a woman is pregnant; used interchangeably with prenatal.
o AT: When the sperm and egg meet, till when you go into labor.
- Intra-partum: time from the onset of true labor until the birth of the infant and
placenta. AT: You are never in true until there are cervical changes (dilatation and
effacement). There needs to be cervical changes for you to be in true labor, push,
baby out, get rid of placenta.
- Postpartum: time from the delivery of the placenta and membranes until the
woman’s body returns to a non-pregnant condition (after 6 weeks).
- Gravida: any pregnancy, regardless of duration, including present pregnancy (#
of pregnancies). AT: even if you are pregnant for a real short time. Remember
any woman that comes in to the prenatal clinic it means they are pregnant, there’s
a baby on board and that counts as Gravida.
- Nulligravida: a woman who never been pregnant.
- Primigravida: a woman who is pregnant for the first time.
- Multigravida: a woman who is in her second or any subsequent pregnancy.
- Para: birth after 20 weeks’ gestation regardless of whether the infant is born
alive or dead. AT: Any delivery 20 weeks or greater born dead or alive.
- Nullipara: a woman who has had no births at more than 20 weeks’ gestation.
AT: Got pregnant but lost the baby before making it to 20 weeks.
- Primipara: a woman who has had one birth at more than 20 weeks’ gestation;
regardless of whether the infant was born alive or dead.
- Multipara: a woman who has had two or more births at more than 20
weeks’ gestation.
- Stillbirth: an infant born dead after 20 weeks’ gestation.
- The terms gravida and para are used in relation to pregnancies, not to the number
of fetuses. Twins, triplets, and so forth count as one pregnancy and one
birth.
o Using the detailed system, the first number, gravida, still refers to the
number of pregnancies. Para is now identified by a series of numbers
that refer to the number of term infants, preterm infants, aborted fetuses,
and living children the woman has. Triplets count as one pregnancy but
three babies.
- TPAL: KNOW!
o T: number of term infants born (number of infants born at the
completion of 37 weeks’ gestation or beyond).
o P: number of preterm infants born (number of infants born after 20 weeks
but before the completion of 37 weeks’ gestation).
o A: number of pregnancies ending in either spontaneous or therapeutic
abortion.
o L: number of children currently living.
- AT: Scenario: patient is in for her 1st checkup. She says she had a baby boy at
37 weeks. Lost set of twins at 18 weeks. Then she had a girl @ 41 weeks.
o Gravida 1 1 1 1 = 4
o Term (full term) 0 0 0 1 = 1
o Preterm 0 1 0 0 = 1
, OB Study Guide Test 1 copy Complete solution Graded A
o Abortion 0 0 1 0 = 1
o Living 0 1 0 1 = 2
- AT: Scenario: Patient is being interviewed at her 1st checkup. She says she had
triplets at 34 weeks 1 died one week later. She lost a baby at 20 weeks. Had a
girl at 39 weeks and a miscarriage at 17 weeks.
o Gravida 1 1 1 1 1 = 5
o Term 0 0 0 1 0 = 1
o Preterm 0 1 1 0 0 = 2
o Abortion 0 0 0 0 1 = 1
o Living 0 2 0 1 0 = 3
Patient Profile P. 195
- The history is essentially a screening tool to identify factors that may place the
mother or fetus at risk during the pregnancy. The following information is
obtained for each pregnant woman at the first prenatal assessment:
- Current Pregnancy:
o First day of normal menstrual period (LMP)
o Presence of cramping, bleeding, or spotting since LMP
o Woman’s opinion about the time when conception occurred and the
infant is due.
o Attitude towards pregnancy (is this pregnancy planned? Wanted? )
o Results of pregnancy test, if completed. (HCG is the hormone that makes
the pregnancy test +).
o Any discomforts since LMP such as nausea, vomiting, urinary
frequency, fatigue, breast tenderness.
- Past Pregnancies:
o Number of pregnancies
o Number of abortions
o Number of living children
o History of previous pregnancies, length of pregnancy, length of labor and
birth, type of birth (vaginal, forceps-or vacuum assisted birth, or cesarean),
location of birth, type of anesthesia used (if any), woman’s perception of
the experience, and complications (antepartum, intrapartum, and
postpartum).
o Neonatal status of previous children: apgar scores, birth weights, general
development, complications, and feeding patterns (breast milk, formula or
both).
o Loss of a child (miscarriage, elective or medically indicated abortion,
stillbirth, neonatal death).
o Blood type and Rh factor (if Rh negative, was Rh immune
globulin received after birth/miscarriage/abortion?).
- Gynecologic History:
o Date of last Pap smear; result? Any history or abnormal Pap smear; any
follow-up therapy completed
, OB Study Guide Test 1 copy Complete solution Graded A
o Previous infections; vaginal, cervical, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),
or sexually transmitted infections.
o Previous surgery (uterine, ovarian).
o Age at menarche
o Regularity, frequency, and duration or menstrual flow. History of
dysmenorrhea, history of infertility, sexual history, contraceptive
history.
- Current Medical History:
o Weight (pre-pregnancy and current), height, body mass index (BMI).
o General health, including nutrition (dietary practices such as
vegetarianisms; lactose intolerance; food allergies?) regular
exercise program (type, frequency, and duration?); monthly breast
self- examination, eye exam; date of last dental exam.
o Any medications presently being taken (including herbal).
o Previous or present use of alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine.
o Illicit drug use or abuse
o Drug allergies and other allergies (latex).
o Potential teratogenic insults to this pregnancy (viral infections, meds, x-
ray examinations, surgery, or cats in the home).
▪ Teratogen: Any biological, physical, chemical, or radioactive agent
that causes structural or functioning damage to the fetus.
▪ Anything that is harmful is teratogenic (drugs, smoking,
asbestos, liquor). Teratogenic period = first 8 weeks of
pregnancy or first trimester because all the organs are
getting made.
o Presence of disease conditions such as diabetes, HTN, cardiovascular
disease, renal problems, cancer, thyroid cancer, and Sickle Cell
Disease.
o Ask about immunization history. For example: screening for rubella is
done but not treated until after delivery (it is a live vaccine). If given
during pregnancy, the baby will be born deaf. With some vaccines
the benefit outweighs the risk.
o Presence of any abnormal S/S.
- Past Medical History:
o Childhood diseases. Past treatment for any disease condition.
Surgical procedures. Presence of bleeding disorders or tendencies
(blood transfusions).
- Family Medical History:
o Presence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, HTN,
hematologic disorders, TB, thyroid disease.
o Occurrence of multiple births.
o History of congenital diseases or deformities
o Cesarean births and cause, if known
- Genetic History: (patient, father of the child [FOC], and both families).
o Birth defects. Recurrent pregnancy loss. Stillbirth
o Down syndrome, intellectual disability, developmental
delay, chromosomal abnormalities.
