CHEM 120 WEEK 7 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

CHEM 120 WEEK 7 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS CHEM 120 Week 7 DQ 1 – Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Structures Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins! Take a look around your home. Describe an example of a carbohydrate, lipid, and/or protein found in your home. Let’s see how many different examples can be described. CHEM-120 Week 7 DQ 2 – Nucleic Acid Structure and Flow of Genetic Information In the news, we often hear examples of how DNA or the transfer of genetic information impacted someone’s life. Examples range from DNA fingerprinting to genetically engineered organisms to an individual with a genetic disease. In each of these scenarios, the structure of nucleic acids and the flow of genetic information through mRNA to protein are involved. Describe an example of the how the structure of DNA or the transfer of genetic information impacted someone’s life. CHEM 120N Week 7 Discussion 1 - Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Protein Structures (Graded A) Carbohydrates, lipids, & proteins! Take a look around your home. Describe an example of a carbohydrate, lipid, &/or protein found in your home. Let’s see how many different examples can be described. Answer: Carbohydrate = rice & bread Lipid = fat = butter Protein = meat Another Answer/Explanation Protein, well, obviously MEAT of any kind Soybeans are high in protein, which includes legumes of all kinds Carbohydrates are huge - cereal grains, legumes, (even meat has some carbohydrate in it, blood which has sugar)...this is a huge category Lipids - Various grains like canola (rapeseed), soybean, olive, corn, sunflower, safflower, flax seed. Lipids can also come from animals as fat. Another Answer/Explanation Carbohydrates- for example rice grain rich in starch Lipids-for example cheese & butter Proteins- for example black beans, french beans CHEM 120N Week 7 Discussion 2 - Nucleic Acid Structure & Flow of Genetic Information (Graded A) In the news, we often hear examples of how DNA or the transfer of genetic information impacted someone’s life. Examples range from DNA fingerprinting to genetically engineered organisms to an individual with a genetic disease. In each of these scenarios, the structure of nucleic acids & the flow of genetic information through mRNA to protein are involved. Describe an example of the how the structure of DNA or the transfer of genetic information impacted someone’s life. Answer: There he discovered transformation, a process by which a change could be introduced into bacteria & passed on to later generations of transformed cells. He & his coworkers reported in 1944 that the substance that caused the transformation was DNA, the cell's genetic material. The discovery thus opened the door to deciphering the genetic code. The genetic basis of insertion behavior of laboratory strains of Drosophila melanogaster was examined. Reciprocal crosses among five strains revealed a significant effect of interaction between cytoplasmic/maternal factors & the chromosomal genotype in determining the insertion tendency, thus complicating the characterization of the dominant/recessive nature of the insertion genes. The majority of heterozygous combinations demonstrated dominance or partial dominance for the higher insertion tendency over low insertion, while a few combinations produced results to the contrary. These could be due to a more complex genetic basis of insertion behavior than a simple dominant/recessive relationship or else to the cytoplasmic/maternal-chromosome interactions. Examination of the effects of each chromosome revealed the greatest contributions to insertion tendency from the second & third chromosomes, with a significant effect of interaction or non-additivity of the insertion genes in these two chromosomes in the genotypes tested. The X & fourth chromosomes appear to contribute a small effect in some strains. Another Answer/Explanation Genetic information is carried from one cell to cell & hence one generation to another by means of genes, i.e., DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Genes consist of specific sequences of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) nucleotides otherwise called “bases,” which carry the message encoding for the synthesis of a protein. There are four such bases, namely, adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), & cytosine (C), which are the building blocks of DNA’s double helical structure. The inheritance of genes determine the genotype & phenotype of the organism. Any change in the normal chromosomal number is referred to as change in ploidy, aneuploidy & polyploidy are the two examples of this. If the change in chromosome number occurs due the addition or deletion of one chromosome or a set of chromosomes or a part of chromosomes is known as aneuploidy. If more than two set of chromosomes are present, it is known as polyploidy & this changes the number of chromosomes in a cell. For example, in case of humans trisomy 21 & Trisomy 18 are the most common. In rare cases, a fetus with Trisomy 13 can survive, giving rise to Patau syndrome. Autosomal trisomy can be associated with birth defects, intellectual disability & shortened life expectancy. Another Answer/Explanation Use of the DNA has impacted so much on peoples lifr for example helping find out the paternity of the child incase of family denial by the father one can prove to be someones child through the use of DNA helping many neglected children get fathery/partenal love & support