, ☆ The industrial revolution increased the need for Tripartite system (1944) - individuals should achieve status
through effort and ability (meritocracy). The 11+ selected and
educated workforces. In 1880, school was made
allocated children to school types based on performance:
compulsory for those aged 5-10.
1. Technical - scientific
Comprehensive system (1965) - aimed to overcome class 2. Secondary modern - practical
divide by abolishing 11+ and making all children attend 3. Grammar - academic
their local comprehensive school ✓people can escape social class ✓can allocate appropriate
resources ✗reproduced class and gender inequality ✗wealthier
✓promotes social integration ✓pupils can develop skills children have advantage (tuition)
✗children are separated by class through labelling ✗WC
areas have poorer quality schools
Marketisation = introducing consumer choice and Cream-skimming = popular schools select best students (mainly
competition into education high achieving, middle class)
Parentocracy = parents choose where their child attends. Silt-shifting = popular schools avoid taking less able pupils who are
Supporters argue that it encourages diversity, gives likely to get lower results and damage the school’s reputation
parents more choice and raises standards
- Publishing league tables Funding formula = schools given funds based on how many pupils
- Ofsted reports apply (popular = more money = better teachers/ facilities).
- University tuition fees Popularity allows them to be more selective
- Academies
- Free schools Parental choice - Gewirtz:
o Privileged-skilled choosers = professional, MC parents whose
Myth of parentocracy - some parents have wider choice economic capital allows children to move through education
of schools due to class differences o Disconnected local choosers = WC parents with restricted
choice from distance and cost of travel
↳ 10% of MC and 20% of WC parents admitted to faking
o Semi-skilled choosers = WC parents that are ambitious for
religion whilst 5% faked address
.0 children but lack experience/ knowledge of admissions so rely
on other options
Privatisation = transferring public assets (schools) into Cola-isaton = private sector penetrates education system indirectly
private companies (vending machines, brand loyalty, sponsorships). Rarely benefits
schools and pupils of private sector
Education Services Industry (ESI) - build schools,
provide supply teachers, give careers advice, have Sponsored academy = schools run with a sponsor (business, charity).
work-based learning and Ofsted inspection They may provide financial investment, expertise/ guidance.
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) - private sector ✓smooth transition to university ✓practical experience ✗may decide
companies provide capital to design, build, finance and to do different career ✗admissions freedom - choose privileged
operate educational services due to lack of government students
funding
Marxists - believe education is becoming a commodity (bought and
☆ the boundary between the public and private sector sold) as academies give public services to private capitalists. Believe it
is being blurred as many senior officials leave public only benefits companies seeking profit
sector
Neoliberals - think education must be meritocratic and promote social
integration. They argue that competition makes schools more
expensive and rises standards
through effort and ability (meritocracy). The 11+ selected and
educated workforces. In 1880, school was made
allocated children to school types based on performance:
compulsory for those aged 5-10.
1. Technical - scientific
Comprehensive system (1965) - aimed to overcome class 2. Secondary modern - practical
divide by abolishing 11+ and making all children attend 3. Grammar - academic
their local comprehensive school ✓people can escape social class ✓can allocate appropriate
resources ✗reproduced class and gender inequality ✗wealthier
✓promotes social integration ✓pupils can develop skills children have advantage (tuition)
✗children are separated by class through labelling ✗WC
areas have poorer quality schools
Marketisation = introducing consumer choice and Cream-skimming = popular schools select best students (mainly
competition into education high achieving, middle class)
Parentocracy = parents choose where their child attends. Silt-shifting = popular schools avoid taking less able pupils who are
Supporters argue that it encourages diversity, gives likely to get lower results and damage the school’s reputation
parents more choice and raises standards
- Publishing league tables Funding formula = schools given funds based on how many pupils
- Ofsted reports apply (popular = more money = better teachers/ facilities).
- University tuition fees Popularity allows them to be more selective
- Academies
- Free schools Parental choice - Gewirtz:
o Privileged-skilled choosers = professional, MC parents whose
Myth of parentocracy - some parents have wider choice economic capital allows children to move through education
of schools due to class differences o Disconnected local choosers = WC parents with restricted
choice from distance and cost of travel
↳ 10% of MC and 20% of WC parents admitted to faking
o Semi-skilled choosers = WC parents that are ambitious for
religion whilst 5% faked address
.0 children but lack experience/ knowledge of admissions so rely
on other options
Privatisation = transferring public assets (schools) into Cola-isaton = private sector penetrates education system indirectly
private companies (vending machines, brand loyalty, sponsorships). Rarely benefits
schools and pupils of private sector
Education Services Industry (ESI) - build schools,
provide supply teachers, give careers advice, have Sponsored academy = schools run with a sponsor (business, charity).
work-based learning and Ofsted inspection They may provide financial investment, expertise/ guidance.
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) - private sector ✓smooth transition to university ✓practical experience ✗may decide
companies provide capital to design, build, finance and to do different career ✗admissions freedom - choose privileged
operate educational services due to lack of government students
funding
Marxists - believe education is becoming a commodity (bought and
☆ the boundary between the public and private sector sold) as academies give public services to private capitalists. Believe it
is being blurred as many senior officials leave public only benefits companies seeking profit
sector
Neoliberals - think education must be meritocratic and promote social
integration. They argue that competition makes schools more
expensive and rises standards
