Chapter 1. Understanding Cross-Cultural Psychology
1.1 Multiple choice questions (key terms)
1. The critical and comparative study of cultural effects on human psychology is called:
a. multiculturalism
b. cross-cultural psychology
c. cultural relativism
d. cultural psychology
e. cultural absolutism
Answer: b
2. ________ refers to behavior based on traditions, concerns for other people, and values they
share together.
a. individualism
b. power distance
c. uncertainty avoidance
d. collectivism
e. femininity
Answer: d
3.________ is the study that seeks to discover systematic relationships between culture and
psychological variables.
a. multiculturalism
b. cross-cultural psychology
c. cultural relativism
d. cultural psychology
e. cultural absolutism
Answer: d
4. The degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and
ambiguity is called in cross-cultural psychology:
a. comfort zone
b. uncertainty avoidance
c. societal uncertainty
d. degree of ambiguity
e. inexact vagueness
Answer: b
1
,5. The term _________ refers to a set of attitudes, behaviors, and symbols shared by a group of
people and usually communicated from one generation to the next.
a. nation
b. collectivism
c. cultural relativism
d. cultural psychology
e. culture
Answer: e
6. What is the term for a cultural heritage shared by a category of people who also share a
common ancestral origin, language, and religion?
a. ethnicity
b. collectivism
c. cultural psychology
d. anthropology
e. cultural absolutism
Answer: a
7. The view that supports judgment about other ethnic, national, and cultural groups and events
from the observer’s own ethnic, national, or cultural group’s outlook is called:
a. ethnocentrism
b. cross-cultural psychology
c. cultural relativism
d. cultural absolutism
e. cultural psychology
Answer: a
8. Complex behavior rooted in the pursuit of interpersonal goals, friendly atmosphere, consensus,
modesty, caring for the weak, and quality of life is defined as:
a. individualism
b. power distance
c. uncertainty avoidance
d. collectivism
e. femininity
Answer: e
9. Complex behavior based on concern for oneself and one's immediate family or primary group
as opposed to concern for other groups to which one belongs is defined as:
a. ethnocentrism
b. individualism
c. culture concern
d. cultural relativism
e. family values
Answer: b
2
,10. Which type of knowledge in cross-cultural psychology exists in the form of laws and other
prescriptions established by authorities?
a. authoritarian
b. collectivist
c. prescribed
d. legal
e. popular beliefs
Answer: d
11. What is the term for the view that encourages recognition of equality for all cultural and
national groups and promotes the idea that various cultural groups have the right to follow their
own paths of development and have their own unique activities, values, and norms?
a. individualism
b. multiculturalism
c. femininity
d. cultural relativism
e. uncertainty avoidance
Answer: b
12. The term ___________indicates an individual’s acceptance of knowledge,
beliefs, and practices related to a particular faith.
a. attitudes
b. religious affiliation
c. ethnic affiliation
d. cultural dichotomy
e. social identity
Answer: b
13. What is the term for the extent to which the members of a society accept that power in
institutions and organizations is distributed unequally?
a. individualism
b. power distance
c. uncertainty avoidance
d. collectivism
e. femininity
Answer: b
14. A large group of people distinguished by certain similar and genetically transmitted physical
characteristics is called:
a. race
b. crowd
c. ethnicity
d. culture
e. nation
Answer: a
3
, 15. The term ________________refers to people’s common ways to handle
uncertainty in their daily situations and lives in general.
a. individualism
b. power distance orientation
c. uncertainty orientation
d. conservative orientation
e. femininity
Answer: c
16. The term _________ is used to describe cultures based largely on beliefs, rules, symbols, and
principles established predominantly in the past, confined in local or regional boundaries,
restricting and mostly intolerant to social innovations.
a. advanced culture
b. collectivism
c. traditional culture
d. power distance
e. uncertainty avoidance
Answer: c
17. Cultures based largely on modern beliefs, rules, symbols, and principles relatively open to
other cultures, absorbing and dynamic, science-based, technology-driven, and relatively tolerant
to social innovations are referred as:
a. advanced cultures
b. collectivist norms
c. non-traditional cultures
d. individualist norms
e. industrial communities
Answer: c
1.2. Multiple choice questions (comprehension and application)
1. If a psychologist examines a degree to which people in a certain country accept inequality
between the leaders and the led, the elite and the commons, what psychological phenomenon
does this researcher actually study?
a. collective identity
b. uncertainly avoidance
c. power sharing
d. power distance
e. democratic collectivism
Answer: d Section: Empirical Examination of Culture
4
1.1 Multiple choice questions (key terms)
1. The critical and comparative study of cultural effects on human psychology is called:
a. multiculturalism
b. cross-cultural psychology
c. cultural relativism
d. cultural psychology
e. cultural absolutism
Answer: b
2. ________ refers to behavior based on traditions, concerns for other people, and values they
share together.
a. individualism
b. power distance
c. uncertainty avoidance
d. collectivism
e. femininity
Answer: d
3.________ is the study that seeks to discover systematic relationships between culture and
psychological variables.
a. multiculturalism
b. cross-cultural psychology
c. cultural relativism
d. cultural psychology
e. cultural absolutism
Answer: d
4. The degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and
ambiguity is called in cross-cultural psychology:
a. comfort zone
b. uncertainty avoidance
c. societal uncertainty
d. degree of ambiguity
e. inexact vagueness
Answer: b
1
,5. The term _________ refers to a set of attitudes, behaviors, and symbols shared by a group of
people and usually communicated from one generation to the next.
a. nation
b. collectivism
c. cultural relativism
d. cultural psychology
e. culture
Answer: e
6. What is the term for a cultural heritage shared by a category of people who also share a
common ancestral origin, language, and religion?
a. ethnicity
b. collectivism
c. cultural psychology
d. anthropology
e. cultural absolutism
Answer: a
7. The view that supports judgment about other ethnic, national, and cultural groups and events
from the observer’s own ethnic, national, or cultural group’s outlook is called:
a. ethnocentrism
b. cross-cultural psychology
c. cultural relativism
d. cultural absolutism
e. cultural psychology
Answer: a
8. Complex behavior rooted in the pursuit of interpersonal goals, friendly atmosphere, consensus,
modesty, caring for the weak, and quality of life is defined as:
a. individualism
b. power distance
c. uncertainty avoidance
d. collectivism
e. femininity
Answer: e
9. Complex behavior based on concern for oneself and one's immediate family or primary group
as opposed to concern for other groups to which one belongs is defined as:
a. ethnocentrism
b. individualism
c. culture concern
d. cultural relativism
e. family values
Answer: b
2
,10. Which type of knowledge in cross-cultural psychology exists in the form of laws and other
prescriptions established by authorities?
a. authoritarian
b. collectivist
c. prescribed
d. legal
e. popular beliefs
Answer: d
11. What is the term for the view that encourages recognition of equality for all cultural and
national groups and promotes the idea that various cultural groups have the right to follow their
own paths of development and have their own unique activities, values, and norms?
a. individualism
b. multiculturalism
c. femininity
d. cultural relativism
e. uncertainty avoidance
Answer: b
12. The term ___________indicates an individual’s acceptance of knowledge,
beliefs, and practices related to a particular faith.
a. attitudes
b. religious affiliation
c. ethnic affiliation
d. cultural dichotomy
e. social identity
Answer: b
13. What is the term for the extent to which the members of a society accept that power in
institutions and organizations is distributed unequally?
a. individualism
b. power distance
c. uncertainty avoidance
d. collectivism
e. femininity
Answer: b
14. A large group of people distinguished by certain similar and genetically transmitted physical
characteristics is called:
a. race
b. crowd
c. ethnicity
d. culture
e. nation
Answer: a
3
, 15. The term ________________refers to people’s common ways to handle
uncertainty in their daily situations and lives in general.
a. individualism
b. power distance orientation
c. uncertainty orientation
d. conservative orientation
e. femininity
Answer: c
16. The term _________ is used to describe cultures based largely on beliefs, rules, symbols, and
principles established predominantly in the past, confined in local or regional boundaries,
restricting and mostly intolerant to social innovations.
a. advanced culture
b. collectivism
c. traditional culture
d. power distance
e. uncertainty avoidance
Answer: c
17. Cultures based largely on modern beliefs, rules, symbols, and principles relatively open to
other cultures, absorbing and dynamic, science-based, technology-driven, and relatively tolerant
to social innovations are referred as:
a. advanced cultures
b. collectivist norms
c. non-traditional cultures
d. individualist norms
e. industrial communities
Answer: c
1.2. Multiple choice questions (comprehension and application)
1. If a psychologist examines a degree to which people in a certain country accept inequality
between the leaders and the led, the elite and the commons, what psychological phenomenon
does this researcher actually study?
a. collective identity
b. uncertainly avoidance
c. power sharing
d. power distance
e. democratic collectivism
Answer: d Section: Empirical Examination of Culture
4
