Ch01
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The American Anthropological Association, or AAA, acknowledges the public service role provided by
anthropology by recognition of which of the following dimensions of the field?
A. cultural anthropology
B. applied anthropology
C. biological anthropology
D. general anthropology
E. biocultural anthropology
2. According to the text, what can we appropriately conclude from geneticists' finding that someone of
African ancestry may have more in common biologically with someone of native Australian, Asian, or
northern European descent than with a fellow African?
A.People of African descent have migrated to Australia, Asia, and northern Europe and mixed their genes
with local populations.
B People of Australian, Asian, and northern European descent have migrated to Africa and mixed their
. genes with local African populations.
C You may have more genetic material in common with someone who looks totally different from you
. than with someone considered your own "race".
D African populations are divided into a number of races, some of which have evolved to look like
. peoples of other regions of the world.
E. Because Homo sapiens evolved in Africa, African peoples have much in common with peoples of all
regions of the world.
3. Ethnography is
A. the firsthand, personal study of local settings.
B. the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations.
C. the study of interrelationships among all living things in an environment.
D. a policy aimed at removing groups that are culturally different from a country.
E. the cross-cultural comparison of cultural data.
4. Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective
A. allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment on or solve a particular
issue or problem.
B. is the reason anthropology has traditionally studied nonindustrialized societies.
C. is insignificant, since evolution is studied by biological anthropologists while culture is studied by
cultural anthropologists.
D. is a product of the participant observation approach.
E. places anthropology in the humanities.
5. Ethnology is
A. the study of human speech sounds.
B. the comparative, generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology.
C. the most important subfield of anthropology.
D. the study of ancient ethnic groups.
E. a synonym for ethnography.
6. What are the four main subdisciplines of anthropology?
A. Medical anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropology
B. Archaeology, biological anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropology
C. Biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology
D. Genetic anthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology
E. Primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleopathology
,7. What do anthropological archaeologists study?
A. Language
B. Race
C. Biological adaptation
D. Modern cultural diversity
E. Material remains
8. Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of four-field anthropology?
A. It has a holistic approach.
B. It has a broad cross-cultural comparison.
C. It is the study of human biology, culture, and language.
D. It is a science and a humanity.
E. It has an exclusive focus on contemporary cultures.
9. Biological anthropologists study all of the following except
A. ancient languages.
B. human biological plasticity.
C. primates.
D. hominid evolution.
E. human genetics.
10. The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment is
A. paleoanthropology.
B. paleoecology.
C. garbology.
D. social archaeology.
E. adaptive anthropology.
11. Which of the following statements about anthropology is not true?
A. Anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space.
B. Anthropology studies the whole of the human condition.
C. Anthropologists focus in part on the diversity that arises through human adaptability.
D. Anthropology's biocultural approach entails finding evolutionary explanations for all human
behaviors.
E. Anthropology offers a comparative, cross-cultural perspective to the study of the human condition.
12. What distinction do Gezon and Kottak draw between culture and society?
A. Culture is the result of higher education, whereas society is shared by all people.
B. People share society―organized life in groups―with other animals, but culture is distinctly human.
C. Culture is genetically programmed, whereas society is transmitted through social learning.
D. People attain culture through international travel but society is the social environment of their native
land.
E. Society rests more upon certain features of human biology than culture does.
13. What is the term for the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses?
A. Ethnology
B. Ethnography
C. Cultural resource management
D. Adaptation
E. Phenotype
14. The tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop a voluminous chest and lungs for life at
very high altitudes provides an example of a(n)
A. genetic adaptation
B. long-term physiological adaptation
C. short-term physiological adaptation
D. cultural adaptation
E. archeological adaptation
,15. The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n)
A. genetic adaptation
B. long-term physiological adaptation
C. short-term physiological adaptation
D. cultural adaptation
E. archeological adaptation
16. The use of anthropological findings, concepts, and methods to accomplish a desired end is known as
A. applied anthropology.
B. economic anthropology.
C. conceptual anthropology.
D. sociobiology.
E. participant observation.
17. Cultural resource management is an example of applied
A. ethnology.
B. biological anthropology.
C. archaeology.
D. linguistic anthropology.
E. ethnography.
18. Anthropology is a holistic discipline in that it
A. has traditionally focused on nonindustrial societies.
B. deals with human culture.
C. does not attempt to make generalizations about humanity.
D. now focuses on industrial societies.
E. studies human biological, cultural, and linguistic variation across both time and space.
19. An anthropologist is studying ethnic-religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka. She or he is most
likely a(n)
A. cultural anthropologist.
B. linguistic anthropologist.
C. paleoanthropologist.
D. archeological anthropologist.
E. biological anthropologist.
20. The value of garbology to archaeologists is that it provides evidence of what people think they did or
should have done.
True False
21. Anthropologists study only non-Western cultures.
True False
22. Anthropology is unique in that it is both holistic and cross-cultural.
True False
23. Ethnomusicology is one of the main four subfields of anthropology.
True False
24. Anthropologists would agree that a comparative, cross-cultural approach is unnecessary as long as you
are diligent in your work.
True False
25. Linguistic anthropologists study how languages vary in time and space, and how language and culture
influence each other.
True False
26. Ethnography involves the collection of data that become the basis for an account of a particular
community, society, or culture.
True False
, 27. Anthropologists use the term society to refer to customs and traditions passed from generation to
generation through learning.
True False
28. Academic anthropology refers to the use of anthropological knowledge and methods to identify and solve
social problems.
True False
29. The term enculturation refers to the process through which children learn culture.
True False
30. The experience of hyperventilation upon reaching a high altitude environment illustrates a long-term
physiological adaptation to high altitude.
True False
31. Culture is not itself biological, but it rests on certain features of human biology.
True False
32. What themes and interests unify the subdisciplines of American anthropology? In your answer, refer to
historical reasons for the unity of anthropology in the United States.
33. Define both ethnography and ethnology. Discuss the importance of both and their relationship in
anthropology.
34. Discuss anthropology's dual identity as a member of both the social sciences and the humanities. What
advantages may be found in this dual identity? Use the anthropological approach to the study of "race" to
substantiate your answer.
35. What are the four primary types of human adaptation? Why has their interrelationship been particularly
important for the human species?
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The American Anthropological Association, or AAA, acknowledges the public service role provided by
anthropology by recognition of which of the following dimensions of the field?
A. cultural anthropology
B. applied anthropology
C. biological anthropology
D. general anthropology
E. biocultural anthropology
2. According to the text, what can we appropriately conclude from geneticists' finding that someone of
African ancestry may have more in common biologically with someone of native Australian, Asian, or
northern European descent than with a fellow African?
A.People of African descent have migrated to Australia, Asia, and northern Europe and mixed their genes
with local populations.
B People of Australian, Asian, and northern European descent have migrated to Africa and mixed their
. genes with local African populations.
C You may have more genetic material in common with someone who looks totally different from you
. than with someone considered your own "race".
D African populations are divided into a number of races, some of which have evolved to look like
. peoples of other regions of the world.
E. Because Homo sapiens evolved in Africa, African peoples have much in common with peoples of all
regions of the world.
3. Ethnography is
A. the firsthand, personal study of local settings.
B. the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations.
C. the study of interrelationships among all living things in an environment.
D. a policy aimed at removing groups that are culturally different from a country.
E. the cross-cultural comparison of cultural data.
4. Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective
A. allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment on or solve a particular
issue or problem.
B. is the reason anthropology has traditionally studied nonindustrialized societies.
C. is insignificant, since evolution is studied by biological anthropologists while culture is studied by
cultural anthropologists.
D. is a product of the participant observation approach.
E. places anthropology in the humanities.
5. Ethnology is
A. the study of human speech sounds.
B. the comparative, generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology.
C. the most important subfield of anthropology.
D. the study of ancient ethnic groups.
E. a synonym for ethnography.
6. What are the four main subdisciplines of anthropology?
A. Medical anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropology
B. Archaeology, biological anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropology
C. Biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology
D. Genetic anthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology
E. Primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleopathology
,7. What do anthropological archaeologists study?
A. Language
B. Race
C. Biological adaptation
D. Modern cultural diversity
E. Material remains
8. Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of four-field anthropology?
A. It has a holistic approach.
B. It has a broad cross-cultural comparison.
C. It is the study of human biology, culture, and language.
D. It is a science and a humanity.
E. It has an exclusive focus on contemporary cultures.
9. Biological anthropologists study all of the following except
A. ancient languages.
B. human biological plasticity.
C. primates.
D. hominid evolution.
E. human genetics.
10. The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment is
A. paleoanthropology.
B. paleoecology.
C. garbology.
D. social archaeology.
E. adaptive anthropology.
11. Which of the following statements about anthropology is not true?
A. Anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space.
B. Anthropology studies the whole of the human condition.
C. Anthropologists focus in part on the diversity that arises through human adaptability.
D. Anthropology's biocultural approach entails finding evolutionary explanations for all human
behaviors.
E. Anthropology offers a comparative, cross-cultural perspective to the study of the human condition.
12. What distinction do Gezon and Kottak draw between culture and society?
A. Culture is the result of higher education, whereas society is shared by all people.
B. People share society―organized life in groups―with other animals, but culture is distinctly human.
C. Culture is genetically programmed, whereas society is transmitted through social learning.
D. People attain culture through international travel but society is the social environment of their native
land.
E. Society rests more upon certain features of human biology than culture does.
13. What is the term for the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses?
A. Ethnology
B. Ethnography
C. Cultural resource management
D. Adaptation
E. Phenotype
14. The tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop a voluminous chest and lungs for life at
very high altitudes provides an example of a(n)
A. genetic adaptation
B. long-term physiological adaptation
C. short-term physiological adaptation
D. cultural adaptation
E. archeological adaptation
,15. The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n)
A. genetic adaptation
B. long-term physiological adaptation
C. short-term physiological adaptation
D. cultural adaptation
E. archeological adaptation
16. The use of anthropological findings, concepts, and methods to accomplish a desired end is known as
A. applied anthropology.
B. economic anthropology.
C. conceptual anthropology.
D. sociobiology.
E. participant observation.
17. Cultural resource management is an example of applied
A. ethnology.
B. biological anthropology.
C. archaeology.
D. linguistic anthropology.
E. ethnography.
18. Anthropology is a holistic discipline in that it
A. has traditionally focused on nonindustrial societies.
B. deals with human culture.
C. does not attempt to make generalizations about humanity.
D. now focuses on industrial societies.
E. studies human biological, cultural, and linguistic variation across both time and space.
19. An anthropologist is studying ethnic-religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka. She or he is most
likely a(n)
A. cultural anthropologist.
B. linguistic anthropologist.
C. paleoanthropologist.
D. archeological anthropologist.
E. biological anthropologist.
20. The value of garbology to archaeologists is that it provides evidence of what people think they did or
should have done.
True False
21. Anthropologists study only non-Western cultures.
True False
22. Anthropology is unique in that it is both holistic and cross-cultural.
True False
23. Ethnomusicology is one of the main four subfields of anthropology.
True False
24. Anthropologists would agree that a comparative, cross-cultural approach is unnecessary as long as you
are diligent in your work.
True False
25. Linguistic anthropologists study how languages vary in time and space, and how language and culture
influence each other.
True False
26. Ethnography involves the collection of data that become the basis for an account of a particular
community, society, or culture.
True False
, 27. Anthropologists use the term society to refer to customs and traditions passed from generation to
generation through learning.
True False
28. Academic anthropology refers to the use of anthropological knowledge and methods to identify and solve
social problems.
True False
29. The term enculturation refers to the process through which children learn culture.
True False
30. The experience of hyperventilation upon reaching a high altitude environment illustrates a long-term
physiological adaptation to high altitude.
True False
31. Culture is not itself biological, but it rests on certain features of human biology.
True False
32. What themes and interests unify the subdisciplines of American anthropology? In your answer, refer to
historical reasons for the unity of anthropology in the United States.
33. Define both ethnography and ethnology. Discuss the importance of both and their relationship in
anthropology.
34. Discuss anthropology's dual identity as a member of both the social sciences and the humanities. What
advantages may be found in this dual identity? Use the anthropological approach to the study of "race" to
substantiate your answer.
35. What are the four primary types of human adaptation? Why has their interrelationship been particularly
important for the human species?
