NR566 Final Exam
1. Prevention of osteoporosis with hormone replacement therapy
- HT reduces postmenopausal bone loss and thereby decreases the risk for
osteoporosis
and related fractures. Unfortunately, when HT is stopped, bone mass rapidly
decreases
by approximately 12%. Hence to maintain bone health, HT must continue lifelong.
2. Most common non-contraceptive use of estrogens.
- Hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women
3. When to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
- to counterbalance estrogen-mediated stimulation of the endometrium, which
can lead
to endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.
4. When not to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
- Progestins should not be prescribed as HRT for women who have undergone
hysterectomy.
5. Local vs. systemic estrogen options and why one would be chosen over the other
- Compared with oral formulations of estrogen, the transdermal formulations have
four
advantages:
• The total dose of estrogen is greatly reduced (because the liver is bypassed).
• There is less nausea and vomiting.
• Blood levels of estrogen fluctuate less.
• There is a lower risk for DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke
6. Function/mechanism of combination OC
1/4
- reduce fertility primarily by inhibiting ovulation.
7. Role of Progestin in combination OC
- acts in the hypothalamus and pituitary to suppress the midcycle luteinizing
hormone
surge, which normally triggers ovulation.
8. Role of Estrogen in combination OC
- suppresses release of follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary (and
thereby
1. Prevention of osteoporosis with hormone replacement therapy
- HT reduces postmenopausal bone loss and thereby decreases the risk for
osteoporosis
and related fractures. Unfortunately, when HT is stopped, bone mass rapidly
decreases
by approximately 12%. Hence to maintain bone health, HT must continue lifelong.
2. Most common non-contraceptive use of estrogens.
- Hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women
3. When to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
- to counterbalance estrogen-mediated stimulation of the endometrium, which
can lead
to endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.
4. When not to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
- Progestins should not be prescribed as HRT for women who have undergone
hysterectomy.
5. Local vs. systemic estrogen options and why one would be chosen over the other
- Compared with oral formulations of estrogen, the transdermal formulations have
four
advantages:
• The total dose of estrogen is greatly reduced (because the liver is bypassed).
• There is less nausea and vomiting.
• Blood levels of estrogen fluctuate less.
• There is a lower risk for DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke
6. Function/mechanism of combination OC
1/4
- reduce fertility primarily by inhibiting ovulation.
7. Role of Progestin in combination OC
- acts in the hypothalamus and pituitary to suppress the midcycle luteinizing
hormone
surge, which normally triggers ovulation.
8. Role of Estrogen in combination OC
- suppresses release of follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary (and
thereby
