Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life
Matching Questions
Use the following to answer questions 1–10:
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) cytoplasm
c) protein
d) thymine
e) carbohydrate
f) sugar–phosphate units
g) cell wall
h) transcription
i) glycogen
j) lipid
k) central dogma
l) phagocytosis
m) endoplasmic reticulum
n) translation
o) prokaryotes
p) eukaryotes
q) lysosome
1. DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine, and
.
2. : Unbranched polymer that, when folded into its three-
dimensional shape, performs much of the work of the cell.
, 2
3. : Scheme that describes the flow of information from
one strand of DNA to a new strand of DNA.
4. : Process where large amounts of material are taken into
the cell.
5. The transfer of information from DNA to RNA is called
.
6. are cells that are composed of multiple specialized
compartments.
7. : Class of biological macromolecules with many
functions, such as forming barriers between cell organelles, serving as a
metabolic fuel, and cell-to-cell signaling.
8. : Highly organized region of the cell where glycolytic
metabolism occurs.
9. : Responsible for protein processing and xenobiotic
metabolism.
10.. : Filled with proteases and other digestive enzymes.
, 3
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
11. Organisms are known to be highly uniform at the level.
Ans: molecular Section: Introduction
12. After hydrogen and oxygen, the next most common element in living
systems is .
13. A chemical that can dissolve in water is said to be .
14. A nucleotide consists of one or more groups, a 5-carbon ribose
sugar, and a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring group.
15. The most common carbohydrate fuel is .
16. Heritable information is packaged into discrete units called .
17. A group of enzymes called catalyze replication.
18. Although all cells in an organism have the same DNA, tissues differ
due to selective .
19. The basic unit of life is considered the .
20. Secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release material
outside of the cell via .
Multiple-Choice Questions
, 4
21. The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick
In higher organisms, which of the following is compos ed of a polymer
22.included:
A) a with
double helix.
double-stranded phosphodiester-linked monomers?
B)
A)the sugar–phosphate backbone aligned in the center of
RNA
the helix.
B) DNA
C)
C)the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the
protein
double helix.
D) carbohydrate
D)
E) A and of
None B. the above.
E) A and C.
23. What gives proteins such a dominant role in biochemi stry?
A) the variation in protein sizes
B) the ability to act as a blueprint
C) their ability to self-replicate
D) their ability to spontaneously fold into complex three-dimensional
structures
E) All of the above.
24. Proteins are chiefly composed of which of the following?
A) carbohydrate and amino acids
B) long unbranched amino acid polymers
C) peptide bonds formed between lipid moieties
D) aggregated amino acids
E) A and B
Section 1.3
25. How a protein folds is determined by:
A) whether the environment is hydrophobic or hydrophilic.
B) the location in the cell in which the protein is located.
C) the pH of the cytoplasm.
D) the order of the amino acids found in the sequence.
E) All of the above.
Matching Questions
Use the following to answer questions 1–10:
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) cytoplasm
c) protein
d) thymine
e) carbohydrate
f) sugar–phosphate units
g) cell wall
h) transcription
i) glycogen
j) lipid
k) central dogma
l) phagocytosis
m) endoplasmic reticulum
n) translation
o) prokaryotes
p) eukaryotes
q) lysosome
1. DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine, and
.
2. : Unbranched polymer that, when folded into its three-
dimensional shape, performs much of the work of the cell.
, 2
3. : Scheme that describes the flow of information from
one strand of DNA to a new strand of DNA.
4. : Process where large amounts of material are taken into
the cell.
5. The transfer of information from DNA to RNA is called
.
6. are cells that are composed of multiple specialized
compartments.
7. : Class of biological macromolecules with many
functions, such as forming barriers between cell organelles, serving as a
metabolic fuel, and cell-to-cell signaling.
8. : Highly organized region of the cell where glycolytic
metabolism occurs.
9. : Responsible for protein processing and xenobiotic
metabolism.
10.. : Filled with proteases and other digestive enzymes.
, 3
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
11. Organisms are known to be highly uniform at the level.
Ans: molecular Section: Introduction
12. After hydrogen and oxygen, the next most common element in living
systems is .
13. A chemical that can dissolve in water is said to be .
14. A nucleotide consists of one or more groups, a 5-carbon ribose
sugar, and a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring group.
15. The most common carbohydrate fuel is .
16. Heritable information is packaged into discrete units called .
17. A group of enzymes called catalyze replication.
18. Although all cells in an organism have the same DNA, tissues differ
due to selective .
19. The basic unit of life is considered the .
20. Secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release material
outside of the cell via .
Multiple-Choice Questions
, 4
21. The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick
In higher organisms, which of the following is compos ed of a polymer
22.included:
A) a with
double helix.
double-stranded phosphodiester-linked monomers?
B)
A)the sugar–phosphate backbone aligned in the center of
RNA
the helix.
B) DNA
C)
C)the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the
protein
double helix.
D) carbohydrate
D)
E) A and of
None B. the above.
E) A and C.
23. What gives proteins such a dominant role in biochemi stry?
A) the variation in protein sizes
B) the ability to act as a blueprint
C) their ability to self-replicate
D) their ability to spontaneously fold into complex three-dimensional
structures
E) All of the above.
24. Proteins are chiefly composed of which of the following?
A) carbohydrate and amino acids
B) long unbranched amino acid polymers
C) peptide bonds formed between lipid moieties
D) aggregated amino acids
E) A and B
Section 1.3
25. How a protein folds is determined by:
A) whether the environment is hydrophobic or hydrophilic.
B) the location in the cell in which the protein is located.
C) the pH of the cytoplasm.
D) the order of the amino acids found in the sequence.
E) All of the above.
