,2
,Acquisitions Editor: Christina C. Burns
Product Director: Jennifer K. Forestieri
Development Editor: Meredith L. Brittain
Production Product Manager: Marian Bellus
Design Coordinator: Joan Wendt
Illustration Coordinator: Jennifer Clements
Manufacturing Coordinator: Karin Duffield
Prepress Vendor: Absolute Service, Inc.
9th edition
Copyright 2018 © Wolters Kluwer
Fifth Edition © 2011 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS
KLUWER business
Fourth Edition © 2006 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
Third Edition © 2001 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or
scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and
retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief
quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book
prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are
not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact
Wolters Kluwer at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA
19103, via email at , or via our website at lww.com (products
and services).
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Polit, Denise F., author. | Beck, Cheryl Tatano, author.
Title: Essentials of nursing research : appraising evidence for nursing practice / Denise
F. Polit, Cheryl Tatano Beck.
Description: Ninth edition. | Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer Health, [2018] | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016043994 | ISBN 9781496351296
Subjects: | MESH: Nursing Research | Evidence-Based Nursing
Classification: LCC RT81.5 | NLM WY 20.5 | DDC 610.73072—dc23 LC record
available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016043994
This work is provided “as is,” and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties,
3
, express or implied, including any warranties as to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or
currency of the content of this work.
This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon healthcare
professionals’ examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things,
age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory
data, and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical
advice or guidance, and this work is merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals,
and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work including all
medical judgments and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments.
Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information,
independent professional verification of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate
pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made and
healthcare professionals should consult a variety of sources. When prescribing
medication, healthcare professionals are advised to consult the product information
sheet (the manufacturer’s package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, among
other things, conditions of use, warnings and side effects and identify any changes in
dosage schedule or contraindications, particularly if the medication to be administered is
new, infrequently used or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximum extent
permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any
injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a matter of products liability, negligence
law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person of this work.
LWW.com
4
,Acquisitions Editor: Christina C. Burns
Product Director: Jennifer K. Forestieri
Development Editor: Meredith L. Brittain
Production Product Manager: Marian Bellus
Design Coordinator: Joan Wendt
Illustration Coordinator: Jennifer Clements
Manufacturing Coordinator: Karin Duffield
Prepress Vendor: Absolute Service, Inc.
9th edition
Copyright 2018 © Wolters Kluwer
Fifth Edition © 2011 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS
KLUWER business
Fourth Edition © 2006 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
Third Edition © 2001 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or
scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and
retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief
quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book
prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are
not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact
Wolters Kluwer at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA
19103, via email at , or via our website at lww.com (products
and services).
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Polit, Denise F., author. | Beck, Cheryl Tatano, author.
Title: Essentials of nursing research : appraising evidence for nursing practice / Denise
F. Polit, Cheryl Tatano Beck.
Description: Ninth edition. | Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer Health, [2018] | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016043994 | ISBN 9781496351296
Subjects: | MESH: Nursing Research | Evidence-Based Nursing
Classification: LCC RT81.5 | NLM WY 20.5 | DDC 610.73072—dc23 LC record
available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016043994
This work is provided “as is,” and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties,
3
, express or implied, including any warranties as to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or
currency of the content of this work.
This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon healthcare
professionals’ examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things,
age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory
data, and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical
advice or guidance, and this work is merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals,
and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work including all
medical judgments and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments.
Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information,
independent professional verification of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate
pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made and
healthcare professionals should consult a variety of sources. When prescribing
medication, healthcare professionals are advised to consult the product information
sheet (the manufacturer’s package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, among
other things, conditions of use, warnings and side effects and identify any changes in
dosage schedule or contraindications, particularly if the medication to be administered is
new, infrequently used or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximum extent
permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any
injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a matter of products liability, negligence
law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person of this work.
LWW.com
4
