Fluid & Electrolytes HURST review
Fluid Volume Excess/Hypervolemia - Answer Too much fluid in the vascular space
Causes of FVE: (3) - Answer Heart Failure
Renal Failure
Sodium
Heart Failure characteristics - Answer Heart is weak; cardiac output decreases
decreased kidney perfusion; urinary output decreases
Volume stays in the vascular space
Three things with a lot of sodium - Answer Effervescent soluble medications (Alka-
seltzer)
Canned/processed foods
IVF with sodium
3 Main Hormonal Regulation of Fluid Volume - Answer Aldosterone
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
Where is aldosterone found - Answer adrenal glands
Normal action of aldosterone - Answer blood volume gets low (vomiting, hemorrhage) }
aldosterone secretion increases } retain Na & water } blood volume goes up
Diseases with too much aldosterone - Answer Cushings
Cons syndrome
LIver Dz
Heart Dz
Disease with too little aldosterone - Answer Addisons disease
Characteristics of Addisons - Answer less aldosterone
decreased sodium/water
FVD
Where is ANP found? - Answer Atria of the heart
How does ANP work? - Answer Opposite of aldosterone
causes excretion of sodium and water
Function of ADH - Answer makes you retain water
Two ADH Problems - Answer SIADH
DI
Too much ADH causes (3) - Answer water retention
, Fluid & Electrolytes HURST review
FVE
SIADH (too many letters, too much water)
SIADH characteristics - Answer Urine output; decreases, concentrated
blood is dilute
urine specific gravity, Na, and Hmt decreases
Treatment for SIADH - Answer water restriction
3% Na Cl
Not enough ADH causes (3) - Answer Lose (water) diurese
FVD
DI (think diuresis/deficit)
Diabetes Insipidus can be caused by what? (3) - Answer trauma to the head or pituitary
gland
sinus sx
increase ICP
DI characteristics - Answer urine output increases & dilute
blood is concentrated
urine specific gravity, Na, Hmc increases
large amount of urine output can lead to what complication? - Answer shock
ADH is found in the ? - Answer Pituitary
Key words to think potential ADH problems (5) - Answer craniotomy
head injury,
sinus surgery,
transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
any condition that leads to increased ICP
Trans = - Answer going all the way through
sphenoid = - Answer sinus
hypophysis = - Answer pituitary
ectomy = - Answer taking something out
Another name for anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) that may be used as an ADH
replacement in DI? - Answer vasopressin
desmopressin acetate
Signs & Symptoms FVE:
Fluid Volume Excess/Hypervolemia - Answer Too much fluid in the vascular space
Causes of FVE: (3) - Answer Heart Failure
Renal Failure
Sodium
Heart Failure characteristics - Answer Heart is weak; cardiac output decreases
decreased kidney perfusion; urinary output decreases
Volume stays in the vascular space
Three things with a lot of sodium - Answer Effervescent soluble medications (Alka-
seltzer)
Canned/processed foods
IVF with sodium
3 Main Hormonal Regulation of Fluid Volume - Answer Aldosterone
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
Where is aldosterone found - Answer adrenal glands
Normal action of aldosterone - Answer blood volume gets low (vomiting, hemorrhage) }
aldosterone secretion increases } retain Na & water } blood volume goes up
Diseases with too much aldosterone - Answer Cushings
Cons syndrome
LIver Dz
Heart Dz
Disease with too little aldosterone - Answer Addisons disease
Characteristics of Addisons - Answer less aldosterone
decreased sodium/water
FVD
Where is ANP found? - Answer Atria of the heart
How does ANP work? - Answer Opposite of aldosterone
causes excretion of sodium and water
Function of ADH - Answer makes you retain water
Two ADH Problems - Answer SIADH
DI
Too much ADH causes (3) - Answer water retention
, Fluid & Electrolytes HURST review
FVE
SIADH (too many letters, too much water)
SIADH characteristics - Answer Urine output; decreases, concentrated
blood is dilute
urine specific gravity, Na, and Hmt decreases
Treatment for SIADH - Answer water restriction
3% Na Cl
Not enough ADH causes (3) - Answer Lose (water) diurese
FVD
DI (think diuresis/deficit)
Diabetes Insipidus can be caused by what? (3) - Answer trauma to the head or pituitary
gland
sinus sx
increase ICP
DI characteristics - Answer urine output increases & dilute
blood is concentrated
urine specific gravity, Na, Hmc increases
large amount of urine output can lead to what complication? - Answer shock
ADH is found in the ? - Answer Pituitary
Key words to think potential ADH problems (5) - Answer craniotomy
head injury,
sinus surgery,
transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
any condition that leads to increased ICP
Trans = - Answer going all the way through
sphenoid = - Answer sinus
hypophysis = - Answer pituitary
ectomy = - Answer taking something out
Another name for anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) that may be used as an ADH
replacement in DI? - Answer vasopressin
desmopressin acetate
Signs & Symptoms FVE:
