biology gcse aqa
Nucleus - Answer -A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
-controls all activities in the cell
Cytoplasm - Answer -jellylike fluid inside the cell
-chemichal reactions take place here
cell membrane - Answer controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
cell wall - Answer -made of cellulose
-strengthens and provides support to the cell
vacuole - Answer -A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area
-helps keep the cell rigid
mitochondria - Answer -most of the energy is released during respiration
chloroplast - Answer -contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis
-traps light
ribosomes (animal cell only) - Answer all proteins are synthesised here
magnification - Answer size of image/real image size
a cell membrane is... - Answer ...partially permeable
Diffusion - Answer -movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration
-does not require energy
factors that affect diffusion - Answer -distance
-concentration gradient
-surface area
rate of diffusion - Answer surface area(times by)gradient(then divided by)thickness of
exchange surface
Eukaryotic cells - Answer -larger
-nucleus
-membrane bound organelles
-DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins in chromosomes
-cellulose in plant cell walls.
prokaryotic cells - Answer -doesnt have an organelle
-very simple so can produce very quickly
-bacteria
,biology gcse aqa
osmosis required practical - Answer 1. Use potato borer to create 3 cylinders of potato
2. Cut the skin off and make sure they're the same length
3. Label your boiling tubes
4. Pour 20ml of each solution into the labelled boiling tube
5. Make a results table
6. Weigh each cylinder and record it on the table and put in boiling tube
7. Leave enough time for osmosis to occur
8. Remove, dry and reweigh chips
osmosis - Answer -diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
active transport - Answer the movement of particles up a concentration gradient from an
area of low concentration to an area of low concentration (THIS REQUIRES ENERGY)
independent variable - Answer -you change
-x axis
dependent variable - Answer -you measure
-y axis
control variable - Answer -stays the same throughout
habitats - Answer -the environments that animals and plants live in
population - Answer -group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
stable community - Answer a community that changes little over time
competition - Answer -the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with
limited resources
biotic factors - Answer -living parts of an ecosystem
-e.g. tress, grass, people
abiotic factors - Answer -nonliving parts of an ecosystem
-e.g. rocks, water, fire, snow
adaptation - Answer -a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its
environment
competition in plants - Answer -plants compete for light, water, soil minerals and space.
food chains - Answer grass ---> worm ---> bird ---> cat
, biology gcse aqa
predator-prey relationship - Answer -interaction between two organisms of different
species in which one organism, called the predator, captures and feeds on parts or all of
another organism, called the prey
-there will always be more prey than predators
decay - Answer -decay is essential to our survival- it helps to digest food and recycle
materials in our environment
-you need decomposers for something to decay
main groups of decomposers - Answer -bacteria
-fungi (mold,mushrooms)
temperatures affect on decay - Answer -high temperatures will prevent decay
-low temperatures will slow down decay
what is a transect? - Answer -it is a line that helps to found out how many organisms are
distributed across an area
digestive system - Answer -body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
the two types of digestion are... - Answer -mechanical (chewing and churning)
-chemical (enzymes)
enzymes - Answer -enzymes are biological catalysts
-catalysts speed up reactions
-enzymes have optimum conditions that they work best in
enzymes (continued) - Answer -digestive enzymes are produced by specialised cells in
glands and in the lining of the gut
-the enzymes then pass out of the cells into the gut where they come in contact with
food molecules
carbohydrase - Answer -enzyme that breaks down starches into sugars
-broken down by amylase enzymes
fats - Answer -broken down by lipase enzymes and bile
lipids - Answer -fats and oils
-glycerol
lock and key - Answer -each enzyme had a different shape
-the substrate is a chemical that the enzyme is acting on
-if the molecules aren't the right shape, they won't bind
7 parts of human diet - Answer -fats
-carbs
Nucleus - Answer -A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
-controls all activities in the cell
Cytoplasm - Answer -jellylike fluid inside the cell
-chemichal reactions take place here
cell membrane - Answer controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
cell wall - Answer -made of cellulose
-strengthens and provides support to the cell
vacuole - Answer -A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area
-helps keep the cell rigid
mitochondria - Answer -most of the energy is released during respiration
chloroplast - Answer -contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis
-traps light
ribosomes (animal cell only) - Answer all proteins are synthesised here
magnification - Answer size of image/real image size
a cell membrane is... - Answer ...partially permeable
Diffusion - Answer -movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration
-does not require energy
factors that affect diffusion - Answer -distance
-concentration gradient
-surface area
rate of diffusion - Answer surface area(times by)gradient(then divided by)thickness of
exchange surface
Eukaryotic cells - Answer -larger
-nucleus
-membrane bound organelles
-DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins in chromosomes
-cellulose in plant cell walls.
prokaryotic cells - Answer -doesnt have an organelle
-very simple so can produce very quickly
-bacteria
,biology gcse aqa
osmosis required practical - Answer 1. Use potato borer to create 3 cylinders of potato
2. Cut the skin off and make sure they're the same length
3. Label your boiling tubes
4. Pour 20ml of each solution into the labelled boiling tube
5. Make a results table
6. Weigh each cylinder and record it on the table and put in boiling tube
7. Leave enough time for osmosis to occur
8. Remove, dry and reweigh chips
osmosis - Answer -diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
active transport - Answer the movement of particles up a concentration gradient from an
area of low concentration to an area of low concentration (THIS REQUIRES ENERGY)
independent variable - Answer -you change
-x axis
dependent variable - Answer -you measure
-y axis
control variable - Answer -stays the same throughout
habitats - Answer -the environments that animals and plants live in
population - Answer -group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
stable community - Answer a community that changes little over time
competition - Answer -the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with
limited resources
biotic factors - Answer -living parts of an ecosystem
-e.g. tress, grass, people
abiotic factors - Answer -nonliving parts of an ecosystem
-e.g. rocks, water, fire, snow
adaptation - Answer -a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its
environment
competition in plants - Answer -plants compete for light, water, soil minerals and space.
food chains - Answer grass ---> worm ---> bird ---> cat
, biology gcse aqa
predator-prey relationship - Answer -interaction between two organisms of different
species in which one organism, called the predator, captures and feeds on parts or all of
another organism, called the prey
-there will always be more prey than predators
decay - Answer -decay is essential to our survival- it helps to digest food and recycle
materials in our environment
-you need decomposers for something to decay
main groups of decomposers - Answer -bacteria
-fungi (mold,mushrooms)
temperatures affect on decay - Answer -high temperatures will prevent decay
-low temperatures will slow down decay
what is a transect? - Answer -it is a line that helps to found out how many organisms are
distributed across an area
digestive system - Answer -body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
the two types of digestion are... - Answer -mechanical (chewing and churning)
-chemical (enzymes)
enzymes - Answer -enzymes are biological catalysts
-catalysts speed up reactions
-enzymes have optimum conditions that they work best in
enzymes (continued) - Answer -digestive enzymes are produced by specialised cells in
glands and in the lining of the gut
-the enzymes then pass out of the cells into the gut where they come in contact with
food molecules
carbohydrase - Answer -enzyme that breaks down starches into sugars
-broken down by amylase enzymes
fats - Answer -broken down by lipase enzymes and bile
lipids - Answer -fats and oils
-glycerol
lock and key - Answer -each enzyme had a different shape
-the substrate is a chemical that the enzyme is acting on
-if the molecules aren't the right shape, they won't bind
7 parts of human diet - Answer -fats
-carbs
